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1 κατέχω
κατέχω, [tense] fut. καθέξω (of duration) Il.18.332, κατασχήσω (of momentary action) Hdt.5.72, Th.4.42: [tense] aor. κατέσχον, poet.Aκατέσχεθον Hes.Th. 575
, S.El. 754; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg.κάσχεθε Il.11.702
, [dialect] Aeol. κατέσκ [ εθε] Alc.Supp. la.12; imper. (lyr.), laterκατάσχε Philostr.Ep.38
(v.l.), PMag.Lond.97.404; late [tense] aor.κατέσχα PGen. 54.22
(iv A.D.).I trans., hold fast,καλύπτρην χείρεσσι Hes.Th. 575
.b hold back, withhold,εἴ με βίῃ ἀέκοντα καθέξει Il.15.186
, cf. 11.702, Od.15.200;ἐν κολεῷ ξίφος Pi.N.10.6
: check, restrain, bridle,ἑωυτόν Hdt.6.129
, cf.Pl.Chrm. 162c, Men.Sam. 112; [ γυναῖκε] A.Pers. 190;ἱππικὸν δρόμον S.El. 754
; (lyr.); ὀργήν, θυμόν, ὕβριν, etc., S.El. 1011, OC 874, E.Ba. 555 (lyr.), etc.; (lyr.);τὴν διάνοιαν Th.1.130
; κ. τὴν ἀγωγήν put it off, Id.6.29; κ. τὸ πλῆθος ἐλευθέρως, ἰσχύϊ, Id.2.65, 3.62;κ. τινὰ πολέμῳ Id.1.103
; , al.;τὸν γέλωτα X.Cyr.2.2.5
, Pl.La. 184a, Thphr.Char.2.4; οὖρον hold in, Gal.8.407 (but -όμενα [οὖρα] as a disease, Hp.Prorrh.1.59, cf. Gal.16.639); ἑαυτὸν κατέχει μὴ ἐπιπηδᾶν restrains himself from.., Pl.Phdr. 254a:—[voice] Pass., to be held down,γλῶσσα κατείχετο Hp.Epid.5.50
;ἐπιθυμίας -ομένας Pl.R. 554c
; to be bound,ὁρκίοισι μεγάλοισι Hdt.1.29
;ὑποσχέσει PAmh. 2.97.17
(ii A.D.);τοῖς τινων ὀφειλήμασιν PRyl.117.13
(iii A.D.); of a nation, to be kept under (by tyrants), Hdt.1.59.c detain,κ. [αὐτοὺς] ἐνιαυτόν Id.6.128
, cf. 8.57, Th.8.100;κ. [αὐτοὺς] ὥστε μὴ ἀπιέναι X. Mem.2.6.11
:—[voice] Pass., to be detained, stay, Hdt.8.117, S.Tr. 249;περὶ Κρήτην Th.2.86
, etc.d in imprecations, inhibit (cf. καταδέω (A) 111), Tab.Defix.Aud.50.11 (iv B.C.), PMag.Par.1.2077;Μανῆν καταδῶ καὶ κατέχω Tab.Defix.109
.e place under arrest, PFlor.61.60 (i A.D.), etc.2 c.gen., gain possession of, be master of,τῶν ἐπιστημῶν μὴ πάνυ κ. Arist.Cat. 9a6
;τῆς ὀργῆς Philem.185
codd. Stob.;τῆς παραποταμίας βίᾳ κατέσχον D.S.12.82
, cf. Plb.14.1.9;τῆς Ἀσίας ἐθνῶν App.Praef. 9
; control, τινων LXX 1 Ma.6.27; ἑαυτῶν Erot.s.v.προπετής; μηκέτι κατέχων ἑαυτοῦ Hdn.1.15.1
, cf. 1.7.3; cling to,τῶν κεράτων τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου LXX 3 Ki.1.51
.II possess, occupy, esp.of rulers, A.Th. 732 (lyr.), E.Hec.81 (anap.); σῴζειν ἅπερ ἃν ἅπαξ κατάσχωσι whatever they have got, Isoc.12.242; esp. of property. enjoy possession of, PTeb.5.47 (ii B.C.), etc. (but also, sequestrate, PLille3.16 ([voice] Pass., iii B.C.), etc.);ὡς μηδὲν ἔχοντες καὶ πάντα κατέχοντες 2 Ep.Cor.6.10
.b dwell in, occupy,Ὀλύμπου αἴγλαν S.Ant. 609
(lyr.); esp. of tutelary gods, Παρνασίαν ὃς κ. πέτραν, of Dionysus, Ar.Nu. 603 (lyr.), cf. X.Cyr.2.1.1, SIG662.10 (Delos, ii B.C.), Luc.Alex.10; of a place, (lyr.); of the dead. θήκας Ἰλιάδος γᾶς.. κατέχουσι occupy, A.Ag. 454 (lyr.), cf. S.Aj. 1167 (anap.).2 of sound, fill,οἱ δ' ἀλαλητῷ πᾶν πεδίον κατέχουσι Il. 16.79
; κ. στρατόπεδον δυσφημίαις fill it with his grievous cries, S. Ph.10;οἰμωγὴ.. κατεῖχε πελαγίαν ἅλα A.Pers. 427
, cf. E.Hipp. 1133 (lyr.):—[voice] Pass.,οἶκος κλαυθμῷ κατείχετο Hdt.1.111
.3 πανδάκρυτον βιοτὰν κ. continue to live a life.., S.Ph. 690 (lyr.).4 to be spread over, cover,νὺξ.. δνοφερὴ κάτεχ' οὐρανόν Od.13.269
;ἡμέρα πᾶσαν κατέσχε γαῖαν A.Pers. 387
, cf. Ar.Nu. 572 (lyr.); τίνες αὖ πόντον κατέχουσ' αὖραι; Cratin.138;ὀσμὴ.. κατὰ πᾶν ἔχει δῶ Hermipp.82.9
:—[voice] Pass.,σελήνη.. κατείχετο.. νεφέεσσιν Od.9.145
, cf. Il.17.368, 644:—[voice] Med., [dialect] Ep.[tense] aor.,κατέσχετο χερσὶ πρόσωπα Od.19.361
; κατασχομένη ἑανῷ having covered her face, Il.3.419.5 of the grave, confine, cover, , cf. Od.11.301, Orac. ap. Hdt.1.67; as a threat, πάρος τινὰ γαῖα καθέξει sooner shall earth cover many a one, Il.16.629, cf. Od.13.427, etc.6 of circumstances, etc., hold fast, have one in their power,μιν κατὰ γῆρας ἔχει χεῖράς τε πόδας τε Od.11.497
; ὃν θάνατος δακρυόεις καθέχει (sic) IG12.987;ἐχθρὰ Φάλαριν κ. φάτις Pi.P.1.96
;τινὰ.. λάθα κ. Id.N.8.24
; [φθορὰ] κ. τὸν σὸν δόμον S.OC 370
; τύχη, πόλεμος κ. τινά, Pl.Hp.Ma. 304c, Ep. 317a; κ. κίνδυνος Σικελίαν ib. 355d;συνέβη λοιμώδη νόσον κατασχεῖν τὴν Ἰταλίαν Hdn.1.12.1
:—[voice] Pass.,ὑπὸ μεγάλης ἀνάγκης κατεχόμενοι Pl. Lg. 858a
: rarely in good sense,ὁ δ' ὄλβιος, ὃν φᾶμαι κατέχοντ' ἀγαθαί Pi.O.7.10
;μεγάλαι κ. τύχαι γένος ὀρνίθων Ar.Av. 1726
(lyr.);εὐμοιρίας -εχούσης τὸν βίον Hdn.2.5.1
.b of circumstances, etc., prevail, prevail among, engage, , cf. 1.65; μεγάλοι θόρυβοι κατέχουσ' ἡμᾶς murmurs are rife among us, S.Aj. 142 (anap.); φήμης ἀθρόας -σχούσης τὸ Ἑλληνικόν a sudden rumour having overspread Greece, Philostr.VA8.15.7 seize, occupy, in right of conquest, τὸ Καδμείων πέδον dub. in S.OC 381; esp. in histor. writers, -σχήσειν [τὴν ἀκρόπολιν] Hdt.5.72;τὰ πρήγματα Id.3.143
;τὰ ἐχυρά X.Cyr.3.1.27
;τὰ κύκλῳ τῆς Ἀττικῆς ἁρμοσταῖς D.18.96
;φρουραῖς τὰς πόλεις Plu.2.177d
.9 master, understand,οὐ κατέχω τί βούλει φράζειν Pl.Phlb. 26c
, cf. Men. 72d, Ceb.34;περὶ φύσεως κ. πάντας τοὺς λόγους Sosip.1.17
, cf. 33; κ. νοῦν στίχων grasp the sense of.., Puchstein Epigr.Gr.p.9.b keep in mind, remember,χρήσιμον καὶ τοῦτο κατασχεῖν τὸ στοιχεῖον Epicur. Ep.1p.10U.
, cf. Thphr.Char.26.2, Men.Epit. 109; κ. τινὰ ὀψοφάγον Chrysipp.Tyan. ap. Ath.1.5e; κ. ὅτι, διότι, PCair.Zen.60.10 (iii B.C.), Phld.Herc.1251.15:—[voice] Pass., Epicur.Ep.1p.31U.10 possess, of a god,εἰ θεός ἐστιν ὁ σὰς κατέχων φρένας PLit.Lond.52.12
; τοιοῦτος ἔρως κατεῖχε τὴν ἄνθρωπον she was so infatuated, Plu.Alc.23; of an actor, κ. τὸ θέατρον held the audience spellbound, Plu.Dem.29 (but, kept the audience waiting, Phoc.19); of poets,μύθοις [τοὺς ἀκούοντας] κ. Luc.JTr.39
(v.l. κατηχοῦσι):—mostly in [voice] Pass., of persons, to be possessed, inspired, Pl. Ion 533e; ἐξ Ὁμήρου ib. 536b;ἐκ θεῶν X. Smp.1.10
;κάρῳ Phld.D.1.18
; τὸ θέατρον κατείχετο the audience was spellbound, Eun.Hist.p.247 D.; of hydrophobia patients, Philum. Ven.4.11; of a lover, τῷ αὐτῷ θεῷ (sc. Ἔρωτι)κατέσχημαι Luc. DMort.19.1
:—also in [tense] aor. [voice] Med., Pl.Phdr. 244e.B intr.,1 (sc. ἑαυτόν) control oneself, S.OT 782;οὐκέτι καθέξω Men.Pk. 394
;εἶπεν οὖν μὴ κατασχών Plu.Art.15
;οὐ κατέσχεν App.BC3.43
: c. inf.,κ. τὸ μὴ δακρύειν Pl.Phd. 117c
.2 come from the high sea to shore, put in (v. supr. IV),νηΐ Θορικόνδε h.Cer. 126
;τῆς Μαγνησίης χώρης ἐς τὸν αἰγιαλόν Hdt.7.188
, cf. 6.101, Plb.1.25.7, Plu. Thes.21; τίνες ποτ' ἐς γῆν τήνδε.. κατέσχετε; S.Ph. 221, cf. 270, E. Heracl.83 (lyr.), Antipho 5.21, etc.: c. acc. loci, E.Hel. 1206, Cyc. 223; of a journey by land, rest, προξένων δ' ἔν του κατέσχες; Id. Ion 551, cf. Plb.5.71.2: metaph., εὖ κατασχήσει shall come safe to land, S.El. 503 (lyr.).3 prevail, ὁ λόγος κ. the report prevails, Th.1.10;κληδὼν ἐν ἁπάσῃ τῇ πόλει κατεῖχεν And.1.130
;σεισμῶν -εχόντων Th.3.89
;ὁ βορέας κατεῖχεν Arist.Mete. 345a1
, cf. 360b33, Thphr.CP1.5.1.4 gain the upper hand,παρά τινι Thgn.262
; gain one's purpose, Lys.3.42;ὁ δὲ κατεῖχε τῇ βοῇ Ar.Ec. 434
;νομίζοντες ῥᾳδίως κατασχήσειν Arist.Pol. 1307b10
.C [voice] Med., keep back for oneself, embezzle, [ τὰ χρήματα] Hdt.7.164.3 hold, contain, Plb.9.26a.7.II [tense] aor. [voice] Med., = κατέχω B. 2, Od.3.284.2 in pass. sense, τεαῖς ῥιπαῖσι κατασχόμενος subdued, Pi.P.1.10; καρδίαν κατέσχετο ἔρωτι was seized with, possessed by, E.Hipp.27; v. supr.A. 11.10. -
2 ἐνέχω
A hold or keep fast within, χόλον ἐνέχειν τινί harbour a grudge against one, Hdt.1.118, 6.119 (v. 11.2).II [voice] Pass., with [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. [voice] Med. (v. infr.), to be held, caught, entangled in, c. dat.,τῇ πάγῃ Id.2.121
.β; ἐνεχομένων τῶν πελτῶν τοῖς σταυροῖς X.An.7.4.17
;ἐν τοῖς τῆς νεὼς σκεύεσι Pl.La. 183e
.2 metaph.,ἐ. ἀπορίῃσι Hdt.1.190
; ;ὀργαῖς πολυχρονίοις Phld.Ir.p.63
W.;ἐν ἄγεϊ Hdt.6.56
;ἐν ταῖς αὐταῖς δυσχερείαις Arist.Cael. 309a29
; ἐν θώματι ἐνέσχετο was seized with wonder, Hdt.7.128.3 to be liable or subject to,οὐ δικαίοις Ζεὺς ἐνέξεται λόγοις A.Supp. 169
(Pors. for ἐνεύξεται, lyr.), cf.And.1.44; πράγμασιν, λειτουργίαις, BGU473.7 (ii A.D.), PFlor.382.31 (iii A.D.), etc.b in legal formulae, (Elis, vi B.C.);ἐ. ἀρᾷ Διός Pl.Lg. 881d
(in tmesi,ἐν τἠπαρῇ ἔχεσθαι SIG38.34
(Teos, v B.C.)); ζημίᾳ, αἰτίᾳ, Pl.Lg. 935c, Cri. 52a;τοῖς ἐσχάτοις ἐπιτιμίοις D.51.11
;ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἐπιτιμίοις Aeschin.3.175
; B49 (Nesus, iv B.C., prob.), Plu.TG10;ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς νόμοις Pl.Lg. 762d
; νοθείᾳ in an imputation of bastardy, Plu. Them.1;ἱεροσυλίαις PTeb.5.5
(ii B.C.): abs.,ἐὰν ἐνσχεθῶσι PSI3.168
(ii B.C.).4 in good sense, ἐνέχεσθαι ἀγγελίᾳ meet with a message, Pi.P.8.49. -
3 περιέχω
+ V 0-10-3-10-11=34 2 Sm 22,5; 1 Kgs 6,15.20.21.22A: to compass [τι] 1 Kgs 6,15; id. [τινα] Jb 30,18; to encompass, to surround [τινα] (in hostile sense) Ps 21(22),13; to encircle [τινα] 4 Mc 8,4; to compass, to come upon, to befall, to seize [τινα] 2 Sm 22,5; to embrace, to include [τι] 4 Mc 1,2; to enwrap [τι] Wis 18,14; to contain [τι] (of a letter) 1 Mc 15,2P: to be in a siege Ez 6,12πολλὴν ἐπιστήμην περιεῖχεν he had very great skill 1 Ezr 8,7; ἐκστάσει περιειχόμην I was seized with dismay DnLXX 7,28 -
4 ἁλίσκομαι
Aἁλίσκω Aq. Ps.21(22).14
, cf.ἐλέφας μῦν οὐχ ἁλίσκει Zen.3.67
): [tense] impf. ἡλισκόμην (never ἑαλ-) Hdt., etc.: [tense] fut.ἁλώσομαι Hdt.
, etc., laterἁλωθήσομαι LXX Ez.21.24
(19) cod. A: [tense] aor. (the only tense used by Hom.)ἥλων Od.22.230
, always in Hdt., and sometimes in codd. of [dialect] Att., as Pl. Hp.Ma. 286a, Hyp.Eux.15, cf. X.An.4.4.21, but the common [dialect] Att. form wasἑάλων IG2.38
, etc., cf. Thom.Mag.146 [[pron. full] ᾱ, Ar.V. 355, later [pron. full] ᾰ AP7.114 (D.L.), 11.155 (Lucill.); [pron. full] ᾰ in other moods, exc. part.ἁλόντε Il.5.487
, inf., v. infr.]; subj.ἁλῶ, ῷς, ῷ A.Th. 257
, E.Hipp. 420, Ar.Ach. 662, V. 898, etc., [dialect] Ion.ἁλώω Il.11.405
,ἁλώῃ 14.81
, Hdt. 4.127; opt.ἁλοίην Il.22.253
, Antipho 5.59, etc., [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. ἁλῴη (v.l. ἁλοίη, which is to be preferred) Il.17.506, Od.15.300; inf. ἁλῶναι [pron. full] [ᾰ] Il.21.281, [pron. full] [ᾱ] Hippon.74, s.v.l., [dialect] Ep.ἁλώμεναι Il.21.495
; part.ἁλούς Il.2.374
, etc.; later, inf. ἁλωθῆναι v.l. in LXX Ez.40.1, D.S.21.6: [tense] pf.ἥλωκα Hdt.1.83
, Antiph.204.7, Xenarch.7.17, Hyp.Phil.11, D. 21.105; part.ἁλωκότα Pi.P.3
,57; ἑάλωκα [pron. full] [ᾰλ] A.Ag.30, Hdt. 1.191, 209 codd., and [dialect] Att., as Th.3.29, Pl.Ap. 38d, D.19.179: [tense] plpf.ἡλώκειν Hdt.1.84
, X.An.5.2.8.: ( ϝαλ-, cf.ϝαλίσσκηται IG9(2).1226
(Thess.), ϝαλόντοις ib.5(2).351.7 ([place name] Stymphalus)):—to be taken, conquered, fall into an enemy's hand, of persons and places, Il.2.374, etc.; ἁλώσεται (sc. ὁ Κρέων) S.OC 1065; ἁλίσκεσθαι εἰς πολεμίους to fall into the hands of the enemy, Pl.R. 468a, IG12(7).5 (Amorg.);ἐν τοιαύταις ξυμφοραῖς Pl.Cri. 43c
.2 to be caught, seized, of persons and things, θανάτῳ ἁλῶναι to be seized by death, die, Il.21.281, Od.5.312; without θανάτῳ, Il.12.172, Od.18.265, etc.; ἄνδρ' ἐκ θνάτου κομίσαι ἤδη ἁλωκότα (sc. νόσῳ) Pi.P.3.57; γράμματα ἑάλωσαν εἰς Ἀθήνας letters were seized and taken to Athens, X.HG1.1.23; τοῖς αὑτῶν πτεροῖς ἁλισκόμεσθα, of eagle, i.e. by a feathered arrow, A.Fr. 139:— to be taken or caught in hunting, Il.5.487, X.An.5.3.10:—ἁ. ἀπάταις, μανίᾳ, S.El. 125, Aj. 216;ὑπ' ἔρωτος Pl.Phdr. 252c
;ὑπὸνουσήματος τεταρταίου Hp.Nat.Hom.15
; , etc.; μιᾷ νίκῃ ἁλίσκονται by one victory they are ruined, Th.1.121: abs., to be overcome, A.Eu.67, S.Aj. 648.4 c. gen., succumb to, τῆς ὥρας, τοῦ κάλλους, Ael.VH12.52, Ps.-Luc. Charid.9;κόρης Philostr.Her.8.2
, prob. in Eun.Hist.p.238D.II c. part., to be caught or detected doing a thing,οὔτε σὺ ἁλώσεαι ἀδικέων Hdt.1.112
; ἐπιβουλεύων ἐμοὶ.. ἑάλωκε ib. 209;ἐὰν ἁλῷς ἔτι τοῦτο πράττων Pl.Ap. 29c
; with Subst. or Adj., ;μοιχὸς γὰρ ἢν τύχῃς ἁλούς Ar.Nu. 1079
;ἁ. ἐν κακοῖσι S. Ant. 496
.2 freq. as law-term, to be convicted and condemned,λιποταξίου γραφὴν ἡλωκέναι D.21.105
, cf. Antipho 2.2.9, 2.3.6; ἁ.μιᾷ ψήφῳ And.4.9
:—c. gen. criminis, ἁλῶναι ψευδομαρτυριῶν, ἀστρατείας, ἀσεβείας, etc. (sc. γραφήν), v. sub vocc.; ἁ. θανάτου to be convicted of a capital crime, Plu.2.552d; ἁλοῦσα δίκη conviction, Pl.Lg. 937d; of false evidence, ὁπόσων ἂν μαρτυρίαι ἁλῶσιν ibid.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἁλίσκομαι
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5 ἄν
ἄν (A), [pron. full] [ᾰ], [dialect] Ep., Lyr., [dialect] Ion., Arc., [dialect] Att.; also κεν) [dialect] Ep., [dialect] Aeol., Thess., κᾱ [dialect] Dor., [dialect] Boeot., El.; the two combined in [dialect] Ep. (infr. D. 11.2) and Arc.,Aεἰκ ἄν IG5(2).6.2
, 15 (iv B. C.):—modal Particle used with Verbs to indicate that the action is limited by circumstances or defined by conditions. In Hom. κε is four times as common as ἄν, in Lyr. about equally common. No clear distinction can be traced, but κε as an enclitic is somewhat less emphatic; ἄν is preferred by Hom. in negative clauses, κε ([etym.] ν) with the relative.A In Simple Sentences, and in the Apodosis of Compound Sentences; here ἄν belongs to the Verb, and denotes that the assertion made by the Verb is dependent on a condition, expressed or implied: thus ἦλθεν he came, ἦλθεν ἄν he would have come (under conditions, which may or may not be defined), and so he might have come; ἔλθοι may he come, ἔλθοι ἄν he would come (under certain conditions), and so he might come.I WITH INDICATIVE:1 with historical tenses, generally [tense] impf. and [tense] aor., less freq. [tense] plpf., never [tense] pf., v. infr.,a most freq. in apodosis of conditional sentences, with protasis implying nonfulfilment of a past or present condition, and apod. expressing what would be or would have been the case if the condition were or had been fulfilled. The [tense] impf. with ἄν refers to continued action, in Hom. always in past time, exc. perh. . 178; later also in [tense] pres. time, first in Thgn.905; πολὺ ἂν θαυμαστότερον ἦν, εἰ ἐτιμῶντο it would be far more strange if they were honoured, Pl.R. 489a; οὐκ ἂν νήσων ἐκράτει, εἰ μή τι καὶ ναυτικὸν εἶχεν he would not have been master of islands if he had not had also some naval power, Th.1.9. The [tense] aor. strictly refers only to past time, Pi.N.11.24, etc.; εἰ τότε ταύτην ἔσχε τὴν γνώμην, οὐδὲν ἂν ὧν νυνὶ πεποίηκεν ἔπραξεν if he had then come to this opinion, he would have accomplished nothing of what he has now done, D.4.5, al., but is used idiomatically with Verbs of saying, answering, etc., as we say I should have said,εἰ μὴ πατὴρ ἦσθ', εἶπον ἄν σ' οὐκ εὖ φρονεῖν S.Ant. 755
, cf. Pl.Smp. 199d, Euthphr. 12d, etc.: the [tense] plpf. refers to completed actions, as ὃ εἰ ἀπεκρίνω, ἱκανῶς ἂν ἤδη παρὰ σοῦ τὴν ὁσιότητα ἐμεμαθήκη I should have already learnt.., ib. 14c;εἰ ὁ ἀνὴρ ἀπέθανεν, δικαίως ἂν ἐτεθνήκει Antipho 4.2.3
.b the protasis is freq. understood: ὑπό κεν ταλασίφρονά περ δέος εἷλεν fear would have seized even the stout-hearted (had he heard the sound), Il.4.421; τὸ γὰρ ἔρυμα τῷ στρατοπέδῳ οὐκ ἂν ἐτειχίσαντο they would not have built the wall (if they had not won a battle), Th.1.11; πολλοῦ γὰρ ἂν ἦν ἄξια for (if that were so) they would be worth much, Pl.R. 374d; οὐ γὰρ ἦν ὅ τι ἂν ἐποιεῖτε for there was nothing which you could have done, i. e. would have done (if you had tried), D.18.43.c with no definite protasis understood, to express what would have been likely to happen, or might have happened in past time: ἢ γάρ μιν ζωόν γε κιχήσεαι, ἤ κεν Ὀρέστης κτεῖνεν ὑποφθάμενος for either you will find him alive, or else Orestes may already have killed him before you, Od.4.546; ὃ θεασάμενος πᾶς ἄν τις ἀνὴρ ἠράσθη δάϊος εἶναι every man who saw this (the 'Seven against Thebes') would have longed to be a warrior, Ar. Ra. 1022; esp. with τάχα, q. v., ἀλλ' ἦλθε μὲν δὴ τοῦτο τοὔνειδος τάχ' ἂν ὀργῇ βιασθὲν μᾶλλον ἢ γνώμῃ φρενῶν, i. e. it might perhaps have come, S.OT 523; τάχα ἂν δὲ καὶ ἄλλως πως ἐσπλεύσαντες (sc. διέβησαν ) and they might also perhaps have crossed by sea (to Sicily) in some other way, Th.6.2, cf. Pl.Phdr. 265b.d ἄν is freq. omitted in apodosi with Verbs expressing obligation, propriety, or possibility, as ἔδει, ἐχρῆν, εἰκὸς ἦν, etc., and sts. for rhetorical effect, εἰ μὴ.. ᾖσμεν, φόβον παρέσχεν it had caused (for it would have caused) fear, E.Hec. 1113. This use becomes more common in later Gk.2 with [tense] fut. ind.:a frequently in [dialect] Ep., usu. with κεν, rarely ἄν, Il.9.167, 22.66, indicating a limitation or condition, ὁ δέ κεν κεχολώσεται ὅν κεν ἵκωμαι and he will likely be angry to whom- soever I shall come, ib.1.139; καί κέ τις ὧδ' ἐρέει and in that case men will say, 4.176;ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι καταλέξω Od.3.80
; so in Lyr.,μαθὼν δέ τις ἂν ἐρεῖ Pi.N.7.68
, cf. I.6(5).59.b rarely in codd. of [dialect] Att. Prose writers,σαφὲς ἂν καταστήσετε Th.1.140
;οὐχ ἥκει, οὐδ' ἂν ἥξει δεῦρο Pl.R. 615d
, cf. Ap. 29c, X.An.2.5.13; dub. in Hp.Mul.2.174: in later Prose, Philostr. V A2.21, S E.M.9.225: also in Poetry, E.El. 484, Ar.Av. 1313;οὐκ ἂν προδώσω Herod.6.36
(corr. - δοίην):— for ἄν with [tense] fut. inf. and part. v. infr.II WITH SUBJUNCTIVE, only in [dialect] Ep., the meaning being the same as with the [tense] fut. ind. (1.2a), freq. with [ per.] 1st pers., as εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώῃσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι in that case I will take her myself, Il.1.324; πείθευ, ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι εἰδέω χάριν obey and if so I will be grateful, 14.235 (the subj. is always introduced by δέ in this usage); also with other persons, giving emphasis to the future, , al.III WITH OPTATIVE (never [tense] fut., rarely [tense] pf. πῶς ἂν λελήθοι [με]; X.Smp.3.6):a in apodosis of conditional sentences, after protasis in opt. with εἰ or some other conditional or relative word, expressing a [tense] fut. condition:ἀλλ' εἴ μοί τι πίθοιο, τό κεν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη Il.7.28
;οὐ πολλὴ ἂν ἀλογία εἴη, εἰ φοβοῖτο τὸν θάνατον; Pl.Phd. 68b
:—in Hom. [tense] pres. and [tense] aor. opt. with κε or ἄν are sts. used like [tense] impf. and [tense] aor. ind. with ἄν in Attic, with either regular ind. or another opt. in the protasis: καί νύ κεν ἔνθ' ἀπόλοιτο.. εἰ μὴ.. νόησε κτλ., i. e. he would have perished, had she not perceived, etc., Il.5.311, cf. 5.388, 17.70; εἰ νῦν ἐπὶ ἄλλῳ ἀεθλεύοιμεν, ἦ τ' ἂν ἐγὼ.. κλισίηνδε φεροίμην if we were now contending in another's honour, I should now carry.., ib.23.274: so rarely in Trag., οὐδ' ἂν σὺ φαίης, εἴ σε μὴ κνίζοι λέχος (for εἰ μὴ ἔκνιζε) E.Med. 568.b with protasis in [tense] pres. or [tense] fut., the opt. with ἄν in apodosi takes a simply future sense: φρούριον δ' εἰ ποιήσονται, τῆς μὲν γῆς βλάπτοιεν ἄν τι μέρος they might perhaps damage, Th.1.142, cf. 2.60, Pl.Ap. 25b, R. 333e;ἢν οὖν μάθῃς.. οὐκ ἂν ἀποδοίην Ar.Nu. 116
, cf. D.1.26, al.c with protasis understood:φεύγωμεν· ἔτι γάρ κεν ἀλύξαιμεν κακὸν ἦμαρ Od.10.269
; οὔτε ἐσθίουσι πλείω ἢ δύνανται φέρειν· διαρραγεῖεν γὰρ ἄν for (if they should do so) they would burst, X. Cyr.8.2.21; τὸν δ' οὔ κε δύ' ἀνέρε.. ἀπ' οὔδεος ὀχλίσσειαν two men could not heave the stone from the ground, i. e. would not, if they should try, Il.12.447; , cf. D.2.8: in Hom. sts. with ref. to past time, .d with no definite protasis implied, in potential sense: ἡδέως δ' ἂν ἐροίμην Λεπτίνην but I would gladly ask Leptines, D.20.129; βουλοίμην ἄν I should like , Lat. velim (but ἐβουλόμην ἄν I should wish, if it were of any avail, vellem); ποῖ οὖν τραποίμεθ' ἄν; which way then can we turn? Pl.Euthd. 290a; οὐκ ἂν μεθείμην τοῦ θρόνου I will not give up the throne, Ar.Ra. 830; idiomatically, referring to the past, αὗται δὲ οὐκ ἂν πολλαὶ εἶεν but these would not (on investigation) prove to be many, Th.1.9; εἴησαν δ' ἂν οὗτοι Κρῆτες these would be (i. e. would have been) Cretans, Hdt.1.2: used in order to soften assertions by giving them a less positive form, as οὐκ ἂν οὖν πάνυ γέ τι σπουδαῖον εἴη ἡ δικαιοσύνη, i.e. it would not prove to be, etc. (for, it is not, etc.), Pl.R. 333e.e in questions, expressing a wish:τίς ἂν θεῶν.. δοίη; S.OC 1100
, cf.A.Ag. 1448;πῶς ἂν θάνοιμι; S.Aj. 389
: hence (with no question) as a mild command, exhortation, or entreaty, ; σὺ μὲν κομίζοις ἂν σεαυτὸν ᾗ θέλεις you may take yourself off (milder than κόμιζε σεαυτόν), S.Ant. 444; χωροῖς ἂν εἴσω you may go in, El. 1491; κλύοις ἂν ἤδη, Φοῖβε hear me now, Phoebus, ib. 637; φράζοις ἄν, λέγοις ἄν, Pl.Phlb. 23c, 48b.f in a protasis which is also an apodosis: εἴπερ ἄλλῳ τῳ ἀνθρώπων πειθοίμην ἄν, καὶ σοὶ πείθομαι if I would trust any (other) man (if he gave me his word), I trust you, Id.Prt. 329b; εἰ μὴ ποιήσαιτ' ἂν τοῦτο if you would not do this (if you could), D.4.18, cf. X.Mem.1.5.3, Plot.6.4.16.g rarely omitted with opt. in apodosis: , cf. 14.123, Il.5.303; also in Trag.,θᾶσσον ἢ λέγοι τις E.Hipp. 1186
;τεὰν δύνασιν τίς.. κατάσχοι; S.Ant. 605
.h ἄν c. [tense] fut. opt. is prob. always corrupt (cf. 1.2b), as τὸν αὐτὸν ἂν ἐπαινέσοι ( ἐπαινέσαι Bekk.) Pl.Lg. 719e; εἰδὼς ὅτι οὐδέν' ἂν καταλήψοιτο ( οὐδένα Bekk.) Lys.1.22.IV WITH INF. and PART. (sts. ADJ. equivalent to part.,τῶν δυνατῶν ἂν κρῖναι Pl.R. 577b
) representing ind. or opt.:1 [tense] pres. inf. or part.:a representing [tense] impf. ind., οἴεσθε τὸν πατέρα.. οὐκ ἂν φυλάττειν; do you think he would not have kept them safe? ([etym.] οὐκ ἂν ἐφύλαττεν), D.49.35; ἀδυνάτων ἂν ὄντων [ὑμῶν] ἐπιβοηθεῖν when you would have been unable, Th.1.73, cf. 4.40.b representing [tense] pres. opt., πόλλ' ἂν ἔχων (representing ἔχοιμ' ἄν)ἕτερ' εἰπεῖν παραλείπω D. 18.258
, cf. X.An.2.3.18: with Art., .2 [tense] aor. inf. or part.:a representing [tense] aor. ind., οὐκ ἂν ἡγεῖσθ' αὐτὸν κἂν ἐπιδραμεῖν; do you not think he would even have run thither? ([etym.] καὶ ἐπέδραμεν ἄν), D.27.56; ἴσμεν ὑμᾶς ἀναγκασθέντας ἄν we know you would have been compelled, Th.1.76, cf. 3.89; ῥᾳδίως ἂν ἀφεθείς when he might easily have been acquitted, X.Mem.4.4.4.b representing [tense] aor. opt., οὐδ' ἂν κρατῆσαι αὐτοὺς τῆς γῆς ἡγοῦμαι I think they would not even be masters of the land ([etym.] οὐδ' ἂν κρατήσειαν), Th.6.37, cf. 2.20; ὁρῶν ῥᾳδίως ἂν αὐτὸ ληφθέν ([etym.] ληφθείη ἄν) Id.7.42; οὔτε ὄντα οὔτε ἂν γενόμενα, i.e. things which are not and never could happen ([etym.] ἃ οὔτε ἂν γένοιτο), Id.6.38.3 [tense] pf. inf. or part. representing:a [tense] plpf. ind., πάντα ταῦθ' ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων ἂν ἑαλωκέναι ([etym.] φήσειεν ἄν ) he would say that all these would have been destroyed by the barbarians ([etym.] ἑαλώκη ἄν), D.19.312.b [tense] pf. opt., οὐκ ἂν ἡγοῦμαι αὐτοὺς δίκην ἀξίαν δεδωκέναι, εἰ.. καταψηφίσαισθε I do not believe they would (then) have suffered ([etym.] δεδωκότες ἂν εἶεν) punishment enough, etc., Lys.27.9.4 [tense] fut. inf.or part., never in [dialect] Ep., and prob. always corrupt in [dialect] Att., νομίζων μέγιστον ἂν σφᾶς ὠφελήσειν (leg. - ῆσαι) Th.5.82, cf. 6.66, 8.25,71; part. is still more exceptional, (codd.), cf. D.19.342 (v. l.); both are found in later Gk.,νομίσαντες ἂν οἰκήσειν οὕτως ἄριστα Plb.8.30.8
, cf. Plu.Marc.15, Arr.An.2.2.3; with part., Epicur. Nat.14.1, Luc.Asin.26, Lib.Or.62.21, dub. l. in Arr.An.6.6.5.I In the protasis of conditional sentences with εἰ, regularly with the subjunctive. In Attic εἰ ἄν is contracted into ἐάν, ἤν, or ἄν ([etym.] ᾱ) (q. v.): Hom. has generally εἴ κε (or αἴ κε), sts. ἤν, onceεἰ δ' ἄν Il.3.288
, twiceεἴπερ ἄν 5.224
, 232. The protasis expresses either future condition (with apod. of [tense] fut. time) or general condition (with apod. of repeated action): εἰ δέ κεν ὣς ἔρξῃς καί τοι πείθωνται Ἀχαιοί, γνώσῃ ἔπειθ' ὅς .. if thus thou shalt do.., ib.2.364; ἢν ἐγγὺς ἔλθῃ θάνατος, οὐδεὶς βούλεται θνῄσκειν if death (ever) come near.., E.Alc. 671.2 in relative or temporal clauses with a conditional force; here ἄν coalesces with ὅτε, ὁπότε, ἐπεί, ἐπειδή, cf. ὅταν, ὁπόταν, ἐπήν or ἐπάν ([dialect] Ion. ἐπεάν) , ἐπειδάν: Hom. has ὅτε κε (sts. ὅτ' ἄν) , ὁππότε κε (sts. ὁπότ' ἄν or ὁππότ' ἄν) , ἐπεί κε (ἐπεὶ ἄν Il.6.412
), ἐπήν, εὖτ' ἄν; v. also εἰσόκε ([etym.] εἰς ὅ κε):—τάων ἥν κ' ἐθέλωμι φίλην ποιήσομ' ἄκοιτιν whomsoever of these I may wish.., Il.9.397; ὅταν δὴ μὴ σθένω, πεπαύσομαι when I shall have no strength.., S.Ant.91; ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος.. ὅς χ' ἕτερον μὲν κεύθῃ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἄλλο δὲ εἴπῃ who ever conceals one thing in his mind and speaks another, Il.9.312, cf. D.4.6, Th.1.21. —Hom. uses subj. in both the above constructions (1 and 2 ) without ἄν; also Trag. and Com., S.Aj. 496, Ar.Eq. 805; μέχρι and πρίν occasionally take subj. without ἄν in prose, e.g. Th.1.137,4.16 ([etym.] μέχρι οὗ), Pl.Phd. 62c, Aeschin.3.60.3 in final clauses introduced by relative Advbs., as ὡς, ὅπως (of Manner), ἵνα (of Place), ὄφρα, ἕως, etc. (of Time), freq. in [dialect] Ep.,σαώτερος ὥς κε νέηαι Il.1.32
;ὄφρα κεν εὕδῃ Od.3.359
;ὅπως ἂν εἰδῇ.. φράσω A.Pr. 824
;ὅπως ἂν φαίνηται κάλλιστος Pl.Smp. 198e
; (where ὅπως with [tense] fut. ind. is the regular constr.); also after ὡς in Hdt., Trag., X.An.2.5.16, al., once in Th.6.91 (but [tense] fut. ind. is regular in [dialect] Att.); ἵνα final does not take ἄν or κε exc.ἵνα εἰδότες ἤ κε θάνωμεν ἤ κεν.. φύγοιμεν Od.12.156
( ἵνα = where in S.OC 405). μή, = lest, takes ἄν only with opt. in apodosis, as S.Tr. 631, Th.2.93.II in [dialect] Ep. sts. with OPTATIVE as with subj. (always κε ([etym.] ν), exc.εἴ περ ἂν αὐταὶ Μοῦσαι ἀείδοιεν Il.2.597
),εἴ κεν Ἄρης οἴχοιτο Od.8.353
; ὥς κε.. δοίη ᾧ κ' ἐθέλοι that he might give her to whomsoever he might please, ib.2.54: so in Hdt. in final clauses, 1.75,99:—in Od.23.135 ὥς κέν τις φαίη, κέν belongs to Verb in apod., as inὡς δ' ἂν ἥδιστα ταῦτα φαίνοιτο X.Cyr.7.5.81
.2 rarely in oratio obliqua, where a relat. or temp. word retains an ἄν which it would have with subj. in direct form, S.Tr. 687, X.Mem.1.2.6, Isoc.17.15;ἐπειδὰν δοκιμασθείην D.30.6
:—similarly after a preceding opt.,οὐκ ἀποκρίναιο ἕως ἂν.. σκέψαιο Pl.Phd. 101d
.III rarely with εἰ and INDICATIVE in protasis, only in [dialect] Ep.:1 with [tense] fut. ind. as with subj.:αἴ κεν Ἰλίου πεφιδήσεται Il.15.213
:—so with relat.,οἵ κέ με τιμήσουσι 1.175
.2 with εἰ and a past tense of ind., once in Hom.,εἰ δέ κ' ἔτι προτέρω γένετο δρόμος Il.23.526
; so Ζεὺς γάρ κ' ἔθηκε νῆσον εἴ κ' ἐβούλετο Orac. ap. Hdt.1.174, cf. Ar.Lys. 1099 (cod. R), A.R.1.197.IV in later Greek, ἄν with relative words is used with INDICATIVE in all tenses, asὅπου ἂν εἰσεπορεύετο Ev.Marc.6.56
;ὅσ' ἂν πάσχετε PFay. 136
(iv A. D.);ἔνθ' ἂν πέφυκεν ἡ ὁλότης εἶναι Phlp. in Ph.436.19
; cf. ἐάν, ὅταν.C with [tense] impf. and more rarely [tense] aor. ind. in ITERATIVE construction, to express elliptically a condilion fulfilled whenever an opportumty offered; freq. in Hdt. (not in Pi. or A.), κλαίεσκε ἂν καὶ ὀδυρέσκετο she would (i. e. used to) weep and lament, 3.119;εἶτα πῦρ ἂν οὐ παρῆν S.Ph. 295
; εἴ τινες ἴδοιεν.., ἀνεθάρσησαν ἄν whenever they saw it, on each occasion, Th.7.71;διηρώτων ἂν αὐτοὺς τί λέγοιεν Pl.Ap. 22b
: inf. representing [tense] impf. of this constr., ἀκούω Λακεδαιμονίους τότε ἐμβαλόντας ἂν.. ἀναχωρεῖν, i. e. I hear they used to retire ([etym.] ἀνεχώρουν ἄν), D.9.48.D GENERAL REMARKS:I POSITION OF ἄν.1 in A, when ἄν does not coalesce with the relat. word (as in ἐάν, ὅταν), it follows directly or is separated only by other particles, as μέν, δέ, τε, ga/r, kai/, νυ, περ, etc.; asεἰ μέν κεν.. εἰ δέ κε Il.3.281
-4; rarely by τις, asὅποι τις ἄν, οἶμαι, προσθῇ D.2.14
:—in Hom. and Hes. two such Particles may precede κε, asεἴ περ γάρ κεν Od.8.355
, cf. Il.2.123; εἰ γάρ τίς κε, ὃς μὲν γάρ κε, Hes.Op. 280, 357; rarely in Prose,ὅποι μὲν γὰρ ἄν D.4.45
;ὁπότερος οὖν ἄν Ar.Ra. 1420
: alsoὁπόσῳ πλέον ἄν Pl.Lg. 647e
, cf. 850a; .2 in apodosis, ἄν may stand either next to its Verb (before or after it), or after some other emphatic word, esp. an interrog., a negative (e. g. οὐδ' ἂν εἷς, οὐκ ἂν ἔτι, etc.), or an important Adjective or Adverb; also after a participle which represents the protasis, λέγοντος ἄν τινος πιστεῦσαι οἴεσθε; do you think they would have believed it if any one had told them? ([etym.] εἴ τις ἔλεγεν, ἐπίστευσαν ἄν), D.6.20.3 ἄν is freq. separated from its inf. by such Verbs as οἴομαι, δοκέω, φημί, οἶδα, etc., οὐκ ἂν οἴει .. ; freq. in Pl., Grg. 486d, al.; καὶ νῦν ἡδέως ἄν μοι δοκῶ κοινωνῆσαι I think that I should, X.Cyr.8.7.25;οὕτω γὰρ ἄν μοι δοκεῖ ἥ τε πόλις ἄριστα διοικεῖσθαι Aeschin.3.2
; ἃ μήτε προῄδει μηδεὶς μήτ' ἂν ᾠήθη τήμερον ῥηθῆναι (where ἄν belongs to ῥηθῆναι) D. 18.225:—in the phrase οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ, or οὐκ ἂν οἶδ' εἰ, ἄν belongs not to οἶδα, but to the Verb which follows, οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμι, for οὐκ οἶδα εἰ πείσαιμι ἄν, E.Med. 941, cf. Alc.48;οὐκ ἂν οἶδ' εἰ δυναίμην Pl. Ti. 26b
;οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ ἐκτησάμην X.Cyr.5.4.12
.4 ἄν never begins a sentence, or even a clause after a comma, but may stand first after a parenthetic clause,ἀλλ', ὦ μέλ', ἄν μοι σιτίων διπλῶν ἔδει Ar. Pax
<*>37.II REPETITION OF ἄν:—in apodosis ἄν may be used twice or even three times with the same Verb, either to make the condition felt throughout a long sentence, or to emphasize certain words,ὥστ' ἄν, εἰ σθένος λάβοιμι, δηλώσαιμ' ἄν S.El. 333
, cf. Ant.69, A.Ag. 340, Th.1.76 (fin.), 2.41, Pl.Ap. 31a, Lys.20.15; , cf. S.Fr. 739; attached to a parenthetical phrase, ἔδρασ' ἄν, εὖ τοῦτ' ἴσθ' ἄν, εἰ .. Id.OT 1438.2 ἄν is coupled with κε ([etym.] ν ) a few times in Hom., as Il.11.187, 202, Od.5.361, al.; cf. ἤν περ γάρ κ' ἐθέλωσιν v.l. ib.18.318.III ELLIPSIS OF VERB:—sts. the Verb to which ἄν belongs must be supplied, in Hom. only εἰμί, as τάτ' ἔλδεται ὅς κ' ἐπιδευής (sc. ᾖ) Il.5.481; ἀλλ' οὐκ ἂν πρὸ τοῦ (sc. ἔρρεγκον) Ar.Nu.5; τί δ' ἂν δοκεῖ σοι Πρίαμος (sc. πρᾶξαι), εἰ τάδ' ἤνυσεν; A.Ag. 935
:—so in phrases like πῶς γὰρ ἄν; and πῶς οὐκ ἄν (sc. εἴη); also in ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ (or ὡσπερανεί), as φοβούμενος ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ παῖς (i. e. ὥσπερ ἂν ἐφοβήθη εἰ παῖς ἦν) Pl.Grg. 479a; so τοσοῦτον ἐφρόνησαν, ὅσον περ ἂν (sc. ἐφρόνησαν)εἰ.. Isoc.10.48
:—so also when κἂν εἰ ( = καὶ ἂν εἰ) has either no Verb in the apod. or one to which ἄν cannot belong, Pl.R. 477a, Men. 72c; cf. κἄν:—so the Verb of a protasis containing ἄν may be understood, ὅποι τις ἂν προσθῇ, κἂν μικρὰν δύναμιν (i. e. καὶ ἐὰν προσθῇ) D.2.14; ὡς ἐμοῦ οὖν ἰόντος ὅπῃ ἂν καὶ ὑμεῖς (sc. ἴητε) X.An.1.3.6.IV ELLIPSIS OF ἄν:—when an apodosis consists of several co-ordinate clauses, ἄν is generally used only in the first and understood in the others:πείθοι' ἂν εἰ πείθοι'· ἀπειθοίης δ' ἴσως A.Ag. 1049
: even when the construction is continued in a new sentence, Pl.R. 352e, cf. 439b codd.: but ἄν is repeated for the sake of clearness or emphasis, ib. 398a, cf. D.19.156 (where an opt. is implied with the third ὡς): rarely expressed with the second of two co-ordinate Verbs and understood with the first, τοῦτον ἂν.. θαρσοίην ἐγὼ καλῶς μὲν ἄρχειν, εὖ δ' ἂν ἄρχεσθαι θέλειν (i. e. καλῶς μὲν ἂν ἄρχοι, εὖ δ' ἂν θέλοι ἄρχεσθαι) S.Ant. 669.------------------------------------ἄν (B), [pron. full] [ᾱ], [dialect] Att.,A = ἐάν, ἤν, Th.4.46 codd., al.; freq. in Pl.,ἂν σωφρονῇ Phd. 61b
; ἂν θεὸς θέλῃ ib. 80d, cf. D.4.50;ἄν τ'.. ἄν τε Arist. Ath.48.4
: not common in earlier [dialect] Att. Inscrr., IG1.2a5, 2.179b49, al.: but freq. later, SIG1044.27 (iv/iii B. C.), PPetr.2p.47 (iii B. C.), PPar.32.19 (ii B. C.), PTeb.110.8 (i B. C.), Ev.Jo.20.23, etc.------------------------------------ἄν (C) or [full] ἀν, Epic form of ἀνά, q. v.------------------------------------ -
6 τὶς
τὶς, τὶ, gen. τινός, dat. τινί, acc. τινά, τὶ (Hom.+) enclitic, indefinite pronoun (W-S. §26, 1–4; B-D-F §301 al.; Rob. 741–44)① a ref. to someone or someth. indefinite, anyone, anything; someone, something; many a one/thing, a certain oneⓐ subst.α. τὶς, τινέςא. someone, anyone, somebody Mt 12:29, 47; Mk 8:4; 9:30; 11:16; Lk 8:46; 9:57; 13:6, 23; J 2:25; 6:46; Ac 5:25; 17:25; Ro 5:7ab; 1 Cor 15:35; 2 Cor 11:20 (five times); Hb 3:4; Js 2:18; 2 Pt 2:19 al. Pl. τινές some, a number of (people—supplied as in Appian, Hann. 47 §203 λαβών τινας=he received some, i.e. people; TestAbr B 14 p. 118, 20 [Stone p. 84]; TestJob 9:8; Just., A I, 28, 2) Lk 13:1; Ac 15:1; Gal 2:12; 2 Th 3:11; anyone 2 Pt 3:9b (TestAbr B 12 p. 116, 24 [Stone p. 80] εἶδεν … τινὰς ἀπερχομένους εἰς ἔρημον τόπον).—In contrast to a majority made evident by the context some of those present (Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 26 §119 ἔφερόν τινες) Mk 14:65; J 13:29a; of all (under consideration) 1 Cor 8:7; 9:22. ἀνατρέπουσιν τήν τινων πίστιν 2 Tim 2:18; AcPlCor 1:2.—W. partitive gen. (Diod S 2, 24, 4; Plut., Mor. 189a τῶν ἐχθρῶν τις; Epict. 2, 14, 1 τὶς τῶν Ῥωμαϊκῶν; TestReub 4:2 τινὶ τῶν ἀδελφῶν; Ar. 12, 7 τινὲς … αὐτῶν; Just., A I, 27, 3; Tat. 36, 2) τὶς τῶν Φαρισαίων (some) one of the Pharisees, a Pharisee Lk 7:36. Cp. 11:45; Ac 5:15. τὶς ὑμῶν 1 Cor 6:1. Pl. τινὲς τῶν γραμματέων some (of the) scribes Mt 9:3. Cp. 12:38; 28:11; Mk 7:1f; 12:13; Lk 6:2; Ac 10:23; 12:1; 17:18a, 28; 1 Cor 10:7–10 al.—Also τὶς ἐκ (Plut., Galba 1065 [27, 2]; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 84 §343 τὶς ἐκ τῆς βουλῆς) τὶς ἐξ ὑμῶν Js 2:16; Hb 3:13; GJs 24:2. Pl. τινὲς ἐξ αὐτῶν (Jos., Bell. 1, 311; Just., D. 85, 1 τινὲς ἐξ ὑμῶν) Lk 11:15. Cp. J 6:64; 7:25, 44; 9:16; 11:37, 46; Ac 15:24.—τὶς ἐν ὑμῖν any one among you, any of you Js 5:13a, 14, 19. ἐν ὑμῖν τινες 1 Cor 15:12.—ταῦτά τινες ἦτε some of you were that sort of people 6:11 (οὗτος 1bζ). τινές described by a rel. clause (Dionysius Com. [IV B.C.] 11 εἰσίν τινες νῦν, οὓς …) Mk 9:1. τὶς in 14:47 is prob. not original (PDickerson, JBL 116, ’97, 302).ב. with suggestion of non-specificity in a context where an entity is specified to some extent τίς a certain pers., etc., of a definite pers. Lk 9:49; 2 Cor 2:5; 10:7; 11:21 (of an opponent as UPZ 146, 2 [II B.C.]; Sallust. 12 p. 24, 20; 24.—Artem. 4, 22 p. 214, 20ff τὶς … οὗ ἐγὼ καίπερ εὖ εἰδὼς τὸ ὄνομα οὐκ ἐπιμνησθήσομαι; Tat. 27, 1 [of Callimachus]). Pl. τινές certain people, etc. (Crates, Ep. 32 [p. 82 Malherbe]; Demosth. 25, 40, Ep. 3, 8; Diod S 15, 18, 1; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 112 §470 ‘certain’ people who had conspired to cause trouble; Iambl., Myst. 1, 13 p. 43, 2 P.; Sallust. 4 p. 4, 28) Ro 3:8; 1 Cor 4:18; 15:34; 2 Cor 3:1; 1 Ti 1:3, 19 al.; 2 Pt 3:9a. W. a name added ἦν δέ τις ἀσθενῶν, Λάζαρος there was a man who was ill, named L. J 11:1 (begins like a story that originally circulated independently; cp. Alcman 84 Diehl2 ἦσκέ [=ἦν] τις Καφεὺς ἀνάσσων=there was once someone, named Capheus, who ruled). The name is also added in Ac 18:7. W. a subst. ptc. τινές εἰσι οἱ ταράσσοντες Gal 1:7 (cp. Lysias 19, 57 εἰσί τινες οἱ προαναλίσκοντες).ג. For εἷς τις s. εἷς 3c. For εἴ τις s. εἰ 7. ἐάν τις (TestAbr B 13 p. 118, 7 [Stone p. 84]; Just., D. 46, 1 ἐὰν δέ τινε) Mt 21:3a; 24:23; Mk 11:3; Lk 16:30; J 6:51 al.; Ac 13:41 (Hab 1:5); 1 Cor 8:10; 10:28; Col 3:13a; 1 Ti 1:8; 2 Ti 2:5; Js 2:14; 1J 2:1, 15; 4:20; Rv 3:20; 22:18f. ἐὰν μή τις if someone … not J 3:3, 5; 15:6; if no one Ac 8:31. τὶς w. a neg. no one, nobody οὐ … τὶς J 10:28. οὐδὲ … τὶς Mt 11:27; 12:19. οὔτε … τὶς Ac 28:21. οὐ … ὑπό τινος 1 Cor 6:12. μή τις that no one Mt 24:4; Mk 13:5; Ac 27:42; 1 Cor 1:15; 16:11; 2 Cor 8:20; 11:16a; Eph 2:9; 1 Th 5:15; Hb 4:11 al. πρὸς τὸ μή τινα 1 Th 2:9. ὥστε μὴ … τινά Mt 8:28.ד. The ptc. that belongs directly w. the indef. pron. is added w. the art. πρός τινας τοὺς πεποιθότας to some who put their trust Lk 18:9. Cp. 2 Cor 10:2; Gal 1:7; Col 2:8. But it also stands without the art: τινῶν λεγόντων when some were talking Lk 21:5. Cp. 1 Ti 6:10, 21; Hb 10:28.ה. corresponding τὶς … ἕτερος δέ someone … and another 1 Cor 3:4. τινὲς (μὲν) … τινὲς (δέ) Lk 9:7f; Phil 1:15 (τινὲς μὲν … τινὲς δέ as Diod S 12, 41, 6; Ar. 8, 2).ו. each one καθώς τις ἄξιός ἐστιν κατοικεῖν as each one deserves to dwell Hs 8, 2, 5a. Cp. 8, 4, 2. B-D-F §301, 2.β. τὶ, τινάא. something, anything ὁ ἀδελφός σου ἔχει τι κατὰ σοῦ Mt 5:23. Cp. 20:20; Mk 8:23; 9:22; 13:15; Lk 7:40; 11:54; J 13:29a; 1 Cor 10:31 al.—W. partitive gen. (Diod S 20, 39, 3 τινὰ τῶν ἀφηρπασμένων=some of what had been seized [by the enemy]; Just., D. 2, 4 τὶ τῶν εἰς εὐδαιμονίαν συντελούντων something that contributes to happiness) τὶ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων Ac 4:32. Cp. Ro 15:18; Eph 5:27. τὶ ἀγαθοῦ Hs 5, 3, 3.ב. in negative statements not (nor) anything = nothing οὔτε … τὶ Ac 25:8. οὐδὲ … τὶ 1 Ti 6:7 (TestJob 11:12; cp. JosAs 10:20 μηδὲ … τινό).ג. τινὰ μὲν … τινὰ δέ some … others (w. ref. to πρόβατα and hence neut.) Hs 6, 2, 2.ד. On εἴ τι s. εἰ 7.ה. εἶναί τι be or amount to someth. Gal 2:6; 1 Cor 3:7. εἰ δοκεῖ τις εἶναί τι μηδὲν ὤν Gal 6:3 (s. 2 below and s. W-S. §26, 3).ⓑ adj.α. some, any, a certain, though oft. omitted in transl. into Engl.; used withא. a subst. τὶς: ἱερεύς τις Lk 1:5; 10:31. ἀνήρ (a narrative begins in this way Syntipas p. 16, 4; 30, 3; 46, 16; 57, 1; Just., D. 81, 4 [of John]) Ac 3:2; 8:9a; 14:8. ἄνθρωπος Mt 18:12 (JosAs 28:4). κώμη Lk 17:12 (Just., A I, 34, 2). Cp. 7:2, 41; 18:2; J 4:46; Ac 27:8; Hb 4:7.—τὶ: ὕδωρ Ac 8:36. σκεῦος 10:11.ב. a proper name (X., Hell. 5, 4, 3; Jos., Ant. 12, 160; Ar. 10, 1 Ἥφαιστόν τινα; Just., A I, 26, 4 Μένανδρον … τινά; Ath. 12, 1 Μίνως τις) Σίμωνά τινα a certain Simon Lk 23:26; Ac 10:5f; Mk 15:21. Σίμων τις AcPlCor 1:2. Cp. Ac 21:16; 22:12; 25:19b.ג. an adj. or adjectival pron. μέγας Ac 8:9b. ἕτερός τις vs. 34 (GrBar 6:6; Just., D. 128, 4; Mel., P. 26, 180). τὶς ἕτερος Papias (2, 4). τὶς ἄλλος 1 Cor 1:16; Phil 3:4 (TestAbr B 6 p. 110, 7 [Stone p. 68] ἄλλο τι; TestJob 11:2 ἄλλοι τινές; Just., D. 6, 1 ἄλλο τι). τινὲς ἄλλοι (Diod S 5, 81, 4 ἄλλοι τινὲς [τ. ποιητῶν]; Jos., Ant. 8, 248; Just., D. 84, 4 ἄλλαι τινές) Ac 15:2. τὶ ἀγαθόν Ro 9:11; Hs 2:10. ἀσφαλές τι Ac 25:26. Cp. Hb 11:40.—In neg. statements (TestAbr A 8 p. 86, 3 [Stone p. 20]) not any = no Lk 11:36; Js 5:12.β. serving to moderate or heightenא. to moderate an expr. that is too definite (Just., D. 48, 1 [λόγος] … παράδοξός τις … δοκεῖ μοι εἶναι [your statement], in my judgment, does not make much sense; Diod S 1, 1, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 15 §65 οἷά τινες δορυφόροι=as a kind of bodyguard) ἀπαρχήν τινα a kind of first-fruits Js 1:18 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 39 §162 τὶς μετάνοια=something like remorse; 3, 77 §314 συγγνώμη τις=some kind of pardon).—So perh. δύο τινὰς τῶν μαθητῶν several disciples, perhaps two Lk 7:18 (cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 59 §245 δύο τινάς=a few [ships], about two; Jos., Ant. 16, 274). But the expr. in Ac 23:23 τινὰς δύο τῶν ἑκατονταρχῶν certainly means two, who simply cannot be more closely defined (s. W-S. §26, 1b; Rob. 742; Mlt-Turner 195).ב. w. adjectives of quality and quantity to heighten the rhetorical emphasis φοβερά τις ἐκδοχὴ κρίσεως Hb 10:27. βραχύ τι (only) a little 2:7, 9 (Ps 8:6).γ. of an indefinite quantity that is nevertheless not without importance, some, considerable χρόνον τινά (Diod S 13, 75, 6 μετά τινα χρόνον; Jos., Ant. 8, 398) Ac 18:23; 1 Cor 16:7. Cp. Ro 1:11, 13. μέρος τι 1 Cor 11:18.δ. τινές several (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 49 §202 ἱππεῖς τινες; Just., D. 50, 2 λόγους τινάς; Ath. 23, 1 τινὰς … ἐνεργείας) ἡμέρας τινάς Ac 9:19; 10:48; 15:36. γυναῖκές τινες Lk 8:2. Cp. Ac 15:2; 17:5f al.—On its position in the sentence s. W-S. §26, 4; B-D-F §473, 1; Rob. 743.② a ref. to someone of prominence, a person of importance τὶς εἶναι τις to be a person of importance, to be somebody (Eur., El. 939; Theocr. 11, 79; Herodas 6, 54; Epict. 3, 14, 2, Ench. 13; Lucian, Lexiph. 22, Adv. Indoct. 1; Tat. 16, 2 εἶναί τινες; PGM 13, 288 ἐγώ εἰμί τις) λέγων εἶναί τινα ἑαυτόν claiming to be somebody Ac 5:36; IEph 3:1 (so also τὶ; s. 1aβה above; antonym s.v. οὐδείς 2bβ).—DELG. M-M. EDNT. -
7 ἔχω
ἔχω (Hom.+) impf. εἶχον, 1 pl. εἴχαμεν and 3 pl. εἶχαν (both as vv.ll.; Mlt-H. 194; B-D-F §82) Mk 8:7; Rv 9:8 or εἴχοσαν (B-D-F §84, 2; Mlt-H. 194; Kühner-Bl. II p. 55) J 15:22, 24; 2 aor. ἔσχον; mixed aor. forms include ἔσχαν Hv 3, 5, 1, ἔσχοσαν 1 Esdr 6:5; 1 Macc 10:15 (ἔσχον, εἴχον vv.ll.); pf. ἔσχηκα; plpf. ἐσχήκειν.—In the following divisions: act. trans. 1–9; act. intr. 10; mid. 11.① to possess or contain, have, own (Hom.+)ⓐ to possess someth. that is under one’s controlα. own, possess (s. esp. TestJob 9f) κτήματα πολλά own much property Mt 19:22; Mk 10:22. πρόβατα Lk 15:4; J 10:16. θησαυρόν Mt 19:21; Mk 10:21b. βίον living Lk 21:4; 1J 3:17. δραχμὰς δέκα Lk 15:8. πλοῖα Rv 18:19. κληρονομίαν Eph 5:5. θυσιαστήριον Hb 13:10a; μέρος ἔ. ἔν τινι have a share in someth. Rv 20:6. Gener. μηδὲν ἔ. own nothing (SibOr 3, 244) 2 Cor 6:10. ὅσα ἔχεις Mk 10:21; cp. 12:44; Mt 13:44, 46; 18:25. τί ἔχεις ὸ̔ οὐκ ἔλαβες; what do you have that you have not been given? 1 Cor 4:7. The obj. acc. is often used w. an adj. or ptc.: ἔ. ἅπαντα κοινά have everything in common Ac 2:44 (cp. Jos., Ant. 15, 18). ἔ. πολλὰ ἀγαθὰ κείμενα have many good things stored up Lk 12:19.—Hb 12:1. Abs. ἔ. have (anything) (Soph.et al.; Sir 13:5; 14:11) Mt 13:12a; Mk 4:25a; Lk 8:18a. ἐκ τοῦ ἔχειν in accordance w. what you have 2 Cor 8:11. ἔ. εἰς ἀπαρτισμόν have (enough) to complete Lk 14:28. W. neg. ἔ. have nothing Mt 13:12b; Mk 4:25b; Lk 8:18b.—ὁ ἔχων the one who has, who is well off (Soph., Aj. 157; Eur., Alc. 57; X., An. 7, 3, 28; Ar. 15:7). πᾶς ὁ ἔχων everyone who has (anything) Mt 25:29a; Lk 19:26a. ὁ μὴ ἔχων the one who has nothing (X., An. 7, 3, 28; 1 Esdr 9:51, 54; 2 Esdr 18:10) Mt 25:29b; Lk 19:26b; 1 Cor 11:22.β. have = hold in one’s charge or keeping ἔ. τὰς κλεῖς hold the keys Rv 1:18; cp. 3:7. τὸ γλωσσόκομον the money-box J 12:6; 13:29.ⓑ to contain someth. have, possess, of the whole in relation to its partsα. of living beings, of parts of the body in men and animals μέλη Ro 12:4a; cp. 1 Cor 12:12. σάρκα καὶ ὀστέα Lk 24:39 (Just., A I, 66, 2 καὶ σάρκα καὶ αἷμα) ἀκροβυστίαν Ac 11:3. οὖς Rv 2:7, 11. ὦτα Mt 11:15; Mk 7:16; Lk 8:8. χεῖρας, πόδας, ὀφθαλμούς Mt 18:8f; Mk 9:43, 45, 47. Of animals and animal-like beings ἔ. πρόσωπον Rv 4:7. πτέρυγας vs. 8. κέρατα 5:6. ψυχάς 8:9. τρίχας 9:8. κεφαλάς 12:3 (TestAbr B 14 p. 118, 19 [Stone p. 84]) al. ἔχοντες ὑγιῆ τὴν σάρκα AcPlCor 2:32 (Just., D. 48, 3 σάρκα ἔχων). Of plants (TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 6 [Stone p. 62] εὗρον δένδρον … ἔχον κλάδους) ῥίζαν ἔ. Mt 13:6; Mk 4:6.β. of inanimate things: of cities τ. θεμελίους ἔ. Hb 11:10; cp. Rv 21:14. Of a head-covering χαρακτῆρα ἔχει βασιλικόν has a royal emblem GJs 2:2.ⓒ to have at hand, have at one’s disposal have ἄρτους Mt 14:17; cp. 15:34; J 21:5, where the sense is prob. ‘Did you catch any fish for breakfast?’. οὐκ ἔχω ὸ̔ παραθήσω αὐτῷ I have nothing to set before him Lk 11:6. μὴ ἐχόντων τί φάγωσι since they had nothing to eat Mk 8:1; cp. Mt 15:32 (Soph., Oed. Col. 316 οὐκ ἔχω τί φῶ). οὐκ ἔχω ποῦ συνάξω I have no place to store Lk 12:17. ἄντλημα a bucket J 4:11a. οἰκίας ἔ. have houses (at one’s disposal) 1 Cor 11:22. Of pers.: have (at one’s disposal) (PAmh 92, 18 οὐχ ἕξω κοινωνόν and oft. in pap) Moses and the prophets Lk 16:29. παράκλητον an advocate, a helper 1J 2:1. οὐδένα ἔ. ἰσόψυχον Phil 2:20. ἄνθρωπον οὐκ ἔ. J 5:7.ⓓ to have within oneself have σύλλημα ἔχει ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου she has something conceived through the Holy Spirit GJs 18:1. Var. constr. w. ἐν: of women ἐν γαστρὶ ἔ. be pregnant (γαστήρ 2) Mt 1:18, 23 (Is 7:14); 24:19; Mk 13:17; Lk 21:23; 1 Th 5:3; Rv 12:2. ἔ. τινὰ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ have someone in one’s heart Phil 1:7 (Ovid, Metam. 2, 641 aliquem clausum pectore habere). ἔ. τι ἐν ἑαυτῷ (Jos., Ant. 8, 171; cp. TestAbr A 3 p. 80, 14 [Stone p. 8] ἔκρυψεν τὸ μυστήριον, μόνος ἔχων ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ): ζωήν J 5:26. τὴν μαρτυρίαν 1J 5:10; τὸ ἀπόκριμα τοῦ θανάτου have a sentence of death within oneself 2 Cor 1:9.ⓔ to have with oneself or in one’s company have μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ (X., Cyr. 1, 4, 17) τινά someone Mt 15:30; 26:11; Mk 2:19; 14:7; J 12:8; AcPl Ha 8, 35; σὺν αὐτῷ 4:18.—The ptc. w. acc. = with (Diod S 12, 78, 1 ἔχων δύναμιν with a [military] force; 18, 61, 1 ὁ θρόνος ἔχων τὸ διάδημα the throne with the diadem; JosAs 27:8 ἔχοντες ἐσπασμένας τὰς ῥομφαίας ‘with their swords drawn’) ἀνέβησαν ἔχοντες αὐτόν they went up with him Lk 2:42 D.② to stand in a close relationship to someone, have, have asⓐ of relatives πατέρα ἔ. J 8:41. ἀδελφούς Lk 16:28. ἄνδρα (Aristot., Cat. 15b, 27f λεγόμεθα δὲ καὶ γυναῖκα ἔχειν καὶ ἡ γυνὴ ἄνδρα; Tob 3:8 BA) be married (of the woman) J 4:17f; 1 Cor 7:2b, 13; Gal 4:27 (Is 54:1). γυναῖκα of the man (cp. Lucian, Tox. 45; SIG 1160 γυναικὸς Αἴ., τῆς νῦν ἔχει; PGM 13, 320; 1 Esdr 9:12, 18; Just., D. 141, 4 πολλὰς ἔσχον γυναίκας. As early as Od. 11, 603 Heracles ἔχει Ἥβην) 1 Cor 7:2a, 12, 29 (for the wordplay cp. Heliod. 1, 18, 4 in connection w. the handing over of a virgin: σὺ ἔχων οὐκ ἕξεις; Crates, 7th Ep. [p. 58, 8 Malherbe] πάντʼ ἔχοντες οὐδὲν ἔχετε). τέκνα Mt 21:28; 22:24; 1 Ti 3:4; 5:4; Tit 1:6. υἱούς (Artem. 5, 42 τὶς τρεῖς ἔχων υἱούς; cp. θυγατέρα TestAbr B 10 p. 114, 17 [Stone p.76]) Lk 15:11; Gal 4:22. σπέρμα have children Mt 22:25. W. acc. as obj. and in predicate (Ar. 8, 4 τούτους συνηγόρους ἔχοντες τῆς κακίας; 11, 3 ἔσχε μοιχὸν τὸν Ἄρην; Ath. 7, 2 ἔχομεν προφήτας μάρτυρας) ἔ. τινὰ πατέρα have someone as father Mt 3:9. ἔ. τινὰ γυναῖκα (w. γυναῖκα to be understood fr. the context) 14:4; cp. Mk 6:18; ὥστε γυναῖκά τινα τοῦ πατρὸς ἔ. that someone has taken his father’s wife (as his own wife: the simple ἔχειν in this sense as Plut., Cato Min. 21, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 10 §34; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 147. Perh. an illicit relationship is meant, as Longus 4, 17; Hesychius Miles. [VI A.D.], Viri Ill. 4 JFlach [1880] ἔχω Λαί̈δα) 1 Cor 5:1 (Diod S 20, 33, 5 of a man who had illicit relations with his stepmother: ἔχειν λάθρᾳ τοῦ πατρὸς τὴν Ἀλκίαν).ⓑ more gener. φίλον have a friend Lk 11:5. ἀσθενοῦντας have sick people Lk 4:40 and χήρας widows 1 Ti 5:16 to care for; παιδαγωγοὺς ἔ. 1 Cor 4:15. δοῦλον Lk 17:7. οἰκονόμον 16:1; κύριον ἔ. have a master, i.e. be under a master’s control Col 4:1; δεσπότην ἔ. 1 Ti 6:2; βασιλέα J 19:15. ἀρχιερέα Hb 4:14; 8:1. ποιμένα Mt 9:36. ἔχων ὑπʼ ἐμαυτὸν στρατιώτας I have soldiers under me Lk 7:8. W. direct obj. and predicate acc. ἔ. τινὰ ὑπηρέτην have someone as an assistant Ac 13:5 (Just., A I, 14, 1) ἔ. τινὰ τύπον have someone as an example Phil 3:17.—Of the relation of Christians to God and to Jesus ἔ. θεόν, τὸν πατέρα, τὸν υἱόν have God, the Father, the Son, i.e. be in communion w. them 1J 2:23; 2J 9; AcPl Ha 4, 7.—HHanse, at end of this entry.③ to take a hold on someth., have, hold (to), gripⓐ of holding someth. in one’s hand ἔ. τι ἐν τῇ χειρί have someth. in one’s hand (since Il. 18, 505) Rv 1:16; 6:5; 10:2; 17:4. Of holding in the hand without ἐν τῇ χειρί (Josh 6:8; JosAs 5:7) ἔ. κιθάραν 5:8. λιβανωτὸν χρυσοῦν 8:3, cp. vs. 6; 14:17 and s. ἀλάβαστρον Mt 26:7 and Mk 14:3.ⓑ of keeping someth. safe, a mina (a laborer’s wages for about three months) in a handkerchief keep safe Lk 19:20.ⓒ of holding fast to matters of transcendent importance, fig. τὴν μαρτυρίαν Rv 6:9; 12:17; 19:10; the secret of Christian piety 1 Ti 3:9; an example of sound teaching 2 Ti 1:13; keep (Diod S 17, 93, 1 τὴν βασιλείαν ἔχειν=keep control) Mk 6:18.ⓓ of states of being hold, hold in its grip, seize (Hom. et al.; PGiss 65a, 4 παρακαλῶ σε κύριέ μου, εἰδότα τὴν ἔχουσάν με συμφορὰν ἀπολῦσαί μοι; Job 21:6; Is 13:8; Jos., Ant. 3, 95 δέος εἶχε τοὺς Ἑβρ.; 5, 63; Just., D. 19, 3) εἶχεν αὐτὰς τρόμος καὶ ἔκστασις trembling and amazement had seized them Mk 16:8.④ to carry/bear as accessory or part of a whole, have on, wear, of clothing, weapons, etc. (Hom. et al.; LXX; TestAbr B p. 114, 22 [Stone p. 76]) τὸ ἔνδυμα Mt 3:4; 22:12 (cp. ἔνδυσιν TestJob 25:7). κατὰ κεφαλῆς ἔχων w. τὶ to be supplied while he wears (a covering) on his head 1 Cor 11:4. ἔ. θώρακας Rv 9:9, 17. ἔ. μάχαιραν wear a sword (Jos., Ant. 6, 190) J 18:10. Sim. of trees ἔ. φύλλα have leaves Mk 11:13 (ApcSed. 8:8).⑤ be in a position to do someth., can, be able, ἔ. w. inf. foll. (Hom. et al.; cp. Eur., Hec. 761; Hdt. 1, 49; Pla., Phd. p. 76d; Demosth., Ep. 2, 22; Theocr. 10, 37 τὸν τρόπον οὐκ ἔχω εἰπεῖν=I cannot specify the manner; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 21, 2, Hermot. 55; Epict. 1, 9, 32; 2, 2, 24 al.; Ael. Aristid. 51, 50 K.=27 p. 546 D.: οὐκ ἔχω λέγειν; PPetr II, 12, 1, 16; PAmh 131, 15; Pr 3:27; ApcEsdr 2:24; 3:7; 6:5; TestAbr A 8, p. 86, 13 [Stone p. 20]; Jos., Ant. 1, 338; 2, 58; Just., A I, 19, 5, D. 4, 6 οὐκ ἔχω εἰπεῖν) ἔ. ἀποδοῦναι be able to pay Mt 18:25a; Lk 7:42; 14:14. μὴ ἔ. περισσότερον τι ποιῆσαι be in a position to do nothing more 12:4. οὐδὲν ἔ. ἀντειπεῖν be able to make a reply Ac 4:14; cp. Tit 2:8. ἔ. κατηγορεῖν αὐτοῦ J 8:6 (cp. 9a below, end). ἀσφαλές τι γράψαι οὐκ ἔχω I have nothing definite to write Ac 25:26a; cp. 26b. ἔ. μεταδιδόναι Eph 4:28a. ἔ. τὴν τούτων μνήμην ποιεῖσθαι be able to recall these things to mind 2 Pt 1:15. κατʼ οὐδενὸς εἶχεν μείζονος ὀμόσαι he could swear by no one greater Hb 6:13. In the same sense without the actual addition of the inf., which is automatically supplied fr. context (X., An. 2, 1, 9) ὸ̔ ἔσχεν (i.e. ποιῆσαι) ἐποίησεν she has done what she could Mk 14:8.⑥ to have an opinion about someth., consider, look upon, view w. acc. as obj. and predicate acc. (POxy 292, 6 [c. 25 A.D.] ἔχειν αὐτὸν συνεσταμένον=look upon him as recommended; 787 [16 A.D.]; PGiss 71, 4; Job 30:9; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 16, 19; Ath. 32, 3 τοὺς μὲν υἱοὺς … νοοῦμεν, τοὺς δὲ ἀδελφούς ἔχομεν) ἔχε με παρῃτημένον consider me excused (= don’t expect me to come) Lk 14:18b, 19 (cp. Martial 2, 79 excusatum habeas me). τινὰ ἔντιμον ἔ. hold someone in honor Phil 2:29. ἔ. τινὰ ὡς προφήτην consider someone a prophet Mt 14:5; 21:26, 46 v.l. (cp. GNicod 5 [=Acta Pilati B 5 p. 297 Tdf.] ἔχειν [Jannes and Jambres] ὡς θεούς; Just., D. 47, 5 τὸν μετανοοῦντα … ὡς δίκαιον καὶ ἀναμάρτητον ἔχει). ἔ. τινὰ εἰς προφήτην consider someone a prophet Mt 21:46 (cp. Duris [III B.C.]: 76 Fgm. 21 Jac. ὸ̔ν εἰς θεοὺς ἔχουσιν). εἶχον τ. Ἰωάννην ὄντως ὅτι προφήτης ἦν they thought that John was really a prophet Mk 11:32.⑦ to experience someth., have (freq. in auxiliary capacity CTurner, JTS 28, 1927, 357–60)ⓐ of all conditions of body and soul (Hom. et al.; LXX)α. of illness, et al. (ApcMos 6 νόσον καὶ πόνον ἔχω; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 305) ἀσθενείας have sicknesses/diseases Ac 28:9. μάστιγας physical troubles Mk 3:10. πληγὴν τῆς μαχαίρης Rv 13:14. θλῖψιν J 16:33b; 1 Cor 7:28; Rv 2:10. Esp. of possession by hostile spirits: δαιμόνιον ἔ. be possessed by an evil spirit Mt 11:18; Lk 7:33; 8:27; J 7:20; 8:48f, 52; 10:20. Βεελζεβούλ Mk 3:22. πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον vs. 30; 7:25; Ac 8:7. πνεῦμα δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου Lk 4:33. πνεῦμα πονηρόν Ac 19:13. πνεῦμα ἄλαλον Mk 9:17. πνεῦμα ἀσθενείας spirit of sickness Lk 13:11. τὸν λεγιῶνα (the evil spirit called) Legion Mk 5:15.β. gener. of conditions, characteristics, capabilities, emotions, inner possession: ἀγάπην ἔ. have love (cp. Diod S 3, 58, 3 φιλίαν ἔχειν; Just., D. 93, 4 φιλίαν ἢ ἀγάπην ἔχοντε) J 5:42; 13:35; 15:13; 1J 4:16; 1 Cor 13:1ff; 2 Cor 2:4; Phil 2:2; 1 Pt 4:8. ἀγνωσίαν θεοῦ fail to know God 1 Cor 15:34. ἁμαρτίαν J 9:41; 15:22a. ἀσθένειαν Hb 7:28. γνῶσιν 1 Cor 8:1, 10 (Just., A II, 13, 1; D. 28, 4). ἐλπίδα Ac 24:15; Ro 15:4; 2 Cor 3:12; 10:15; Eph 2:12; 1J 3:3 (Ath. 33, 1). ἐπιθυμίαν Phil 1:23. ἐπιποθίαν Ro 15:23b; ζῆλον ἔ. have zeal Ro 10:2. Have jealousy Js 3:14. θυμόν Rv 12:12. λύπην (ApcMos 3 p. 2, 16 Tdf.) J 16:21f; 2 Cor 2:3; Phil 2:27; μνείαν τινὸς ἔ. remember someone 1 Th 3:6. παρρησίαν Phlm 8; Hb 10:19; 1J 2:28; 3:21; 4:17; 5:14. πεποίθησιν 2 Cor 3:4; Phil 3:4. πίστιν Mt 17:20; 21:21; Mk 4:40; Ac 14:9; Ro 14:22; 1 Cor 13:2; 1 Ti 1:19 al. (Just., A I, 52, 1). προφητείαν have the gift of prophecy 1 Cor 13:2. σοφίαν (X., Mem. 2, 3, 10) Rv 17:9. συνείδησιν ἁμαρτιῶν Hb 10:2. καλὴν συνείδησιν 13:18; ἀγαθὴν ς. 1 Ti 1:19; 1 Pt 3:16; ἀπρόσκοπον ς. Ac 24:16; ὑπομονήν Rv 2:3. φόβον 1 Ti 5:20. χαράν Phlm 7. χάριν ἔ. τινί be grateful to someone Lk 17:9; 1 Ti 1:12; 2 Ti 1:3; σιγὴν ἔ. be silent Hs 9, 11, 5. ἀνάγκην ἔσχον I felt it necessary Jd 3 (HKoskenniemi, Studien zur Idee und Phraseologie des Griechischen Briefes bis 400 n. Chr. ’56, 78–87).γ. of advantages, benefits, or comforts that one enjoys: ἔ. τὰ αἰτήματα to have been granted the requests 1J 5:15; ἀνάπαυσιν ἔ. have rest Rv 4:8; 14:11; ἀπόλαυσιν τινος ἔ. enjoy someth. Hb 11:25. βάθος γῆς Mt 13:5b; Mk 4:5b; γῆν πολλήν Mt 13:5a; Mk 4:5a. τὴν προσέλευσιν τὴν πρὸς τὸν κύριον AcPl Ha 8, 22f; εἰρήνην Ro 5:1. ἐλευθερίαν Gal 2:4. S. ἐξουσία, ἐπαγγελία, ἔπαινος, ζωή, ἰκμάς, καιρός, καρπός, καύχημα, καύχησις, λόγος, μισθός, νοῦς, πνεῦμα, προσαγωγή, πρόφασις, τιμή, χάρις (=favor), χάρισμα.δ. of a sense of obligation in regard to someth.—W. dir. object have = have someth. over one, be under someth.: ἀνάγκην ἔχειν be under necessity 1 Cor 7:37a; w. inf. foll. have a need (ἀνάγκη 1) Lk 14:18; 23:16 v.l.; Hb 7:27; χρείαν ἔ. be in need abs. Eph 4:28b; τινός need someth. (Aeschyl. et al.; SIG 333, 20; 421, 35 al.; PPetr III, 42 G 9, 7 [III B.C.] ἐάν τινος χρείαν ἔχῃς; Ath. 13, 2 ποίας ἔτι χρείαν ἑκατόμβης ἔχει;) Mt 6:8; 9:12a; Mk 11:3; Lk 19:31, 34; J 13:29; 1 Cor 12:21; Hb 10:36 al.; w. inf. foll. (TestSol 13:2) Mt 3:14; 14:16; J 13:10; 1 Th 1:8; 4:9; 5:1. νόμον J 19:7. ἐπιταγήν 1 Cor 7:25. ἐντολήν (SIG 559, 9 ἔ. τὰς ἰντολάς; 1 Esdr 4:52; 2 Macc 3:13; Jos., Bell. 1, 261) Hb 7:5; 1J 2:7; 4:21; 2J 5; cp. J 14:21. διακονίαν 2 Cor 4:1. ἀγῶνα Phil 1:30; Col 2:1. πρᾶξιν Ro 12:4b. ἔγκλημα Ac 23:29. κόλασιν ApcPt Bodl. (ApcEsdr 1:22 p. 25, 17 Tdf.).ε. of a sense of inevitability in respect to some action.—W. inf. foll. one must (Ps.-Callisth. 2, 1, 3 καθαιρεθῆναι ἔχεις=you must be deposed; Porphyr., Against the Christians 63 Harnack [ABA 1916] παθεῖν; Gen 18:31; Jos., Ant. 19, 348 τοῦ τεθνάναι; TestSol 5:12 σίδηρα ἔχεις φορέσαι; TestAbr A 18 p. 100, 22 [Stone p. 48] τοῦ βίου τοῦτου ἀπαλλάξαι εἶχες; Just., D. 51, 2 ἔργῳ πεισθήναι ὑμῶν ἐχόντων) βάπτισμα ἔχω βαπτισθῆναι I must undergo a baptism Lk 12:50. ἔχω σοί τι εἰπεῖν I have someth. to say to you (Lucian, Philops. 1 ἔχεις μοι εἰπεῖν. Without dat. Aelian, VH 2, 23; Jos., Ant. 16, 312) 7:40. καινόν σοι θέαμα ἔχω ἐξηγήσασθαι I have a wonderful new thing to tell you=‘I must tell you about something wonderful that I’ve just seen’ GJs 19:3. ἀπαγγεῖλαι Ac 23:17, 19; cp. vs. 18. πολλὰ γράφειν 2J 12; 3J 13.ⓑ of temporal circumstances w. indications of time and age: πεντήκοντα ἔτη οὔπω ἔχεις you are not yet fifty years old J 8:57 (cp. Jos., Ant. 1, 198). τριάκοντα κ. ὀκτὼ ἔτη ἔχων ἐν τῇ ἀσθενείᾳ αὐτοῦ who had been sick for 38 years 5:5 (Cyranides p. 63, 25 πολὺν χρόνον ἔχων ἐν τῇ ἀρρωστίᾳ. W. cardinal numeral TestJob 26:1 δέκα ἑπτὰ ἔτη ἔχω ἐν ταῖς πληγαῖς; POxy 1862, 17 τέσσαρες μῆνας ἔχει. Mirac. S. Georgii 44, 7 [JAufhauser 1913] ἔσχεν … ἔτη ἑπτά); cp. Mt 9:20 v.l. τέσσαρας ἡμέρας ἔ. ἐν τῷ μνημείῳ have lain in the grave for four days J 11:17 (Jos., Ant. 7, 1 αὐτοῦ δύο ἡμέρας ἔχοντος ἐν τῇ Σεκέλλᾳ). πολὺν χρόνον ἔ. be (somewhere or in a certain condition) for a long time 5:6. ἡλικίαν ἔχειν be of age (Pla., Euthyd. 32, 306d; Plut., Mor. 547a; BGU 168 τοῖς ἀτελέσι ἔχουσι τὴν ἡλικίαν) 9:21, 23. τέλος ἔχειν have an end, be at an end (Lucian, Charon 17; UPZ 81 III, 20 [II A.D.] τέλος ἔχει πάντα; Ar. 4:2 ἀρχὴν καὶ τέλος) Mk 3:26; Lk 22:37 (on the latter pass. s. τέλος 2); cp. Hb 7:3.⑧ as connective marker, to have or include in itself, bring about, cause w. acc. (Hom. et al.; Wsd 8:16) of ὑπομονή: ἔργον τέλειον Js 1:4. Of πίστις: ἔργα 2:17. Of φόβος: κόλασιν 1J 4:18. Of παρρησία: μεγάλην μισθαποδοσίαν Hb 10:35. Of πολυτέλεια: λύπην, χαράν Hs 1, 10. ἐσχάτην εὐλογίαν, ἥτις διαδοχὴν οὐκ ἔχει ultimate blessing, which has no successor GJs 6:2.⑨ special combinationsⓐ w. prep. ἐν: τὸν θεὸν ἔ. ἐν ἐπιγνώσει acknowledge God Ro 1:28 (cp. ἐν ὀργῇ ἔ. τινά=‘be angry at someone’, Thu. 2, 18, 5; 2, 21, 3; ἐν ὀρρωδίᾳ ἔ. τ. 2, 89, 1; ἐν ἡδονῇ ἔ. τ.=‘be glad to see someone’ 3, 9, 1; ἐν εὐνοίᾳ ἔ. Demosth. 18, 167). ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔ. 2 Cor 10:6 (ἕτοιμος b). ἐν ἐμοὶ οὐκ ἔχει οὐδέν he has no hold on me J 14:30 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 32 §125 ἔχειν τι ἔν τινι=have someth. [hope of safety] in someone). κατά τινος: on 1 Cor 11:4 s. above 4. ἔ. τι κατά τινος have someth. against someone Mt 5:23; Mk 11:25; w. ὅτι foll. Rv 2:14. ἔ. κατά τινος w. sim. mng. Hm 2:2; Hs 9, 23, 2; w. ὅτι foll. Rv 2:4, 20. ἔ. τινὰ κατὰ πρόσωπον meet someone face to face Ac 25:16. μετά: ἔ. τι μετά τινος have someth. w. someone κρίματα lawsuits 1 Cor 6:7. περί: ἔ. περί τινος have (a word, a reference, an explanation) about someth. B 12:1; with adv. τελείως 10:10. πρός τινα have someth. against someone (Ps.-Callisth. 2, 21, 21 ὅσον τις ὑμῶν ἔχει πρὸς ἕτερον) Ac 24:19. ζητήματα ἔ. πρός τινα have differences w. someone (on points in question) 25:19. λόγον ἔ. πρός τινα 19:38. πρᾶγμα (=Lat. causa, ‘lawsuit’: BGU 19 I, 5; 361 II, 4) ἔ. πρός τινα (POxy 743, 19 [2 B.C.] εἰ πρὸς ἄλλους εἶχον πρᾶγμα; BGU 22:8) 1 Cor 6:1. ἵνα ἔχωσιν κατηγορίαν αὐτοῦ J 8:4 D (cp. 5 above). πρός τινα ἔ. μομφήν have a complaint against someone Col 3:13.ⓑ τοῦτο ἔχεις ὅτι you have this (in your favor), that Rv 2:6. ἔ. ὁδόν be situated (a certain distance) away (cp. Peripl. Eryth. 37: Ὡραία ἔχουσα ὁδὸν ἡμερῶν ἑπτὰ ἀπὸ θαλάσσης) of the Mt. of Olives ὅ ἐστιν ἐγγὺς Ἰερουσαλὴμ σαββάτου ἔχον ὁδόν Ac 1:12.—ἴδε ἔχεις τὸ σόν here you have what is yours Mt 25:25. ἔχετε κουστωδίαν there you have a guard (=you can have a guard) 27:65 (cp. POxy 33 III, 4).⑩ to be in some state or condition, act. intr. (spatially: Ath. 25, 1 οἱ ἄγγελοι … περὶ τόν ἀέρα ἔχοντες καὶ τὴν γῆν) w. adv. (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX).ⓐ impers. it is, the situation is (Himerius, Or. 48 [=Or. 14], 10 πῶς ὑμῖν ἔχειν ταῦτα δοκεῖ; =how does this situation seem to you? Just., D. 3, 5 τὸ … ὡσαύτως ἀεὶ ἔχων) ἄλλως 1 Ti 5:25. οὕτως (Antig. Car. 20; Cebes 4, 1; POxy 294, 11 [22 A.D.] εἰ ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει; TestSol 20:8; Jos., Ant. 15, 261; Just., D. 3:5 οὐχ οὕτως ἔχει) Ac 7:1; 12:15; 17:11; 24:9. τὸ καλῶς ἔχον what is right 1 Cl 14:2 (Michel 543, 12 [c. 200 B.C.] καλῶς ἔχον ἐστὶ τιμᾶσθαι τοὺς εὔνους ἄνδρας). τὸ νῦν ἔχον for the present Ac 24:25 (cp. Plut., Mor. 749a; Lucian, Anachars. 40, Catapl. 13 τὸ δὲ νῦν ἔχον μὴ διάτριβε; Tob 7:11).ⓑ pers. be (in a certain way) πῶς ἔχουσιν how they are Ac 15:36 (cp. Gen 43:27; Jos., Ant. 4, 112). ἑτοίμως ἔ. be ready, hold oneself in readiness w. inf. foll. (BGU 80, 17 [II A.D.] ἡ Σωτηρία ἑτοίμως ἔχουσα καταγράψαι; Da 3:15 LXX; Jos., Ant. 13, 6; Just., D. 50, 1) 21:13; 2 Cor 12:14; 1 Pt 4:5. Also ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔ. 2 Cor 10:6 (s. ἕτοιμος b end). εὖ ἔ. be well-disposed πρός τινα toward someone Hs 9, 10, 7 (cp. Demosth. 9, 63 ἥδιον ἔχειν πρός τινα; SIG 1094, 4 φιλανθρώπως ἔχει πρὸς πάντας). κακῶς ἔ. be sick (Aristoph. et al.; POxy 935, 15; Ezk 34:4) Mt 4:24; 8:16; 9:12b; 17:15 v.l. (see πάσχω 2). καλῶς ἔ. be well, healthy (Epict. 1, 11, 4; PGen 54, 8; PFlor 230, 24) Mk 16:18; ἐσχάτως ἔ. (s. ἐσχάτως) 5:23; κομψότερον ἔ. feel better (κομψῶς ἔ.: Epict. 2, 18, 14; 3, 10, 13; PParis 18; PTebt 414, 10 ἐὰν κομψῶς σχῶ) J 4:52.⑪ to be closely associated, in a variety of renderings, hold fast, be next to, be next, mid. (Hom. et al.) in NT only ptc.ⓐ of proper situation or placement, esp. of inner belonging hold fast, cling to. The ‘to’ of belonging and the ‘with’ of association are expressed by the gen. (Theognis 1, 32 ἀεὶ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἔχεο=ever hold fast to the good people; X., Oec. 6, 1; Pla., Leg. 7, 811d; Lucian, Hermot. 69 ἐλπίδος οὐ μικρᾶς ἐχόμενα λέγεις; Sallust. 14 p. 26, 24 τ. θεῶν; Philo, Agr. 101 τὰ ἀρετῆς ἐχόμενα; Jos., Ant. 10, 204 οὐδὲν ἀνθρωπίνης σοφίας ἐχόμενον, C. Ap. 1, 83 παλαιᾶς ἱστορίας ἐχόμενον; Just., A I, 68, 1 λόγου καὶ ἀληθείας ἔχεσθαι; Tat. 33, 1 μανίας ἔχεται πολλῆς; Ath., R. 48, 3 λόγῳ … ἀληθείας ἐχομένῳ) τὰ ἐχόμενα σωτηρίας things that belong to salvation Hb 6:9.ⓑ of proximityα. spatial, to be next to someth: ἐχόμενος neighboring (Isocr. 4, 96 νῆσος; Hdt. 1, 134 al. οἱ ἐχόμενοι=‘the neighbors’; Diod S 5, 15, 1; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 71 §294; Arrian, Peripl. 7, 2; PParis 51, 5 and oft. in pap; 1 Esdr 4:42; Jos., Ant. 6, 6 πρὸς τὰς ἐχομένας πόλεις; 11, 340) κωμοπόλεις Mk 1:38.β. temporal, to be next, immediately following (Thu. 6, 3, 2 τ. ἐχομένου ἔτους al.; SIG 800, 15; PRev 34, 20; PAmh 49, 4; PTebt 124, 43; LXX) τῇ ἐχομένῃ (sc. ἡμέρᾳ, as Polyb. 3, 112, 1; 5, 13, 9; 2 Macc 12:39; Jos., Ant. 6, 235; 7, 18 al.; cp. εἰς τὴν ἐχομένην [i.e. ἡμέραν] PMich 173, 16 [III B.C.]) on the next day Lk 13:33 (v.l. ἐρχομένῃ); Ac 20:15; w. ἡμέρᾳ added (PAmh 50, 17) 21:26. τῷ ἐχομένῳ σαββάτῳ 13:44 v.l. (for ἐρχομένῳ; cp. 1 Macc 4:28, where the witnesses are similarly divided).—On the whole word HHanse, ‘Gott Haben’ in d. Antike u. im frühen Christentum ’39.—B. 641; 740. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv. -
8 ἁρπαγμός
ἁρπαγμός, οῦ, ὁ (rare in nonbibl. Gk.; not found at all in the Gk. transl. of the OT; in our lit. only in Phil 2:6).① a violent seizure of property, robbery (s. ἁρπάζω; Plut., Mor. 12a; Vett. Val. 122, 1; Phryn., Appar. Soph.: Anecd. Gr. I 36. Also Plut., Mor. 644a ἁρπασμός), which is next to impossible in Phil 2:6 (W-S. §28, 3: the state of being equal w. God cannot be equated w. the act of robbery).② As equal to ἅρπαγμα, someth. to which one can claim or assert title by gripping or grasping, someth. claimed w. change fr. abstr. to concr. (as θερισμός Rv 14:15, cp. J 4:35; ἱματισμός J 19:24). This mng. cannot be quoted fr. non-Christian lit., but is grammatically justifiable (Kühner-Bl. II p. 272; RLipsius, Hand-Comment. ad loc.). Christian exx. are Eus., In Luc. 6 (AMai, Nova Patrum Bibliotheca IV 165), where Peter regards death on the cross as ἁρπαγμός ‘a prize to be grasped eagerly’, and Cyrill. Alex., De Ador. 1, 25 (MPG, LXVIII 172c), Lot does not regard the angels’ demand (Gen 19:15ff) as a ἁρπαγμός ‘prize’.—Acc. to FVokes, on Phil 2:5–11 in Studia Evangelica 2, ’64, 670–75, forms in-μα may approach-μος forms in mng., but not vice versa, cp. πορισμός 1 Ti 6:5 (for rejoinder s. RMartin, Carmen Christi ’67, 137).ⓐ If ἁρπαγμός approaches ἅρπαγμα in mng., it can be taken ‘sensu malo’ to mean booty, (a) grab (so for ἅρπαγμα LXX), and only the context and an understanding of Paul’s thought in general can decide whether it means holding fast to someth. already obtained (ἁ.=‘res rapta’; so the Gk fathers, s. Lampe, s.v. B 1) or the appropriation to oneself of someth. that is sought after (ἁ.=‘res rapienda’).ⓑ But a good sense is also poss., a piece of good fortune, windfall, prize, gain (Heliod., 7, 11, 7; 7, 20, 2 [=ἕρμαιον]; 8, 7, 1; Plut., Mor. 330d; Nägeli 43f)=ἕρμαιον (Isid. Pelus., Ep. 4, 22); again it remains an open question whether the windfall has already been seized and is waiting to be used, or whether it has not yet been appropriated. In favor of the former is the contrast between Adam (implied as a dramatic foil) and his anxiety about death and equality w. God and Jesus’ majestic freedom from such anxiety, with culmination in the ultimate vindication of Jesus, whose destiny contrasts with Adam’s implied fate: οὐχ ἁρπαγμὸν ἡγήσατο τὸ εἶναι ἴσα θεῷ did not consider equality w. God a prize to be tenaciously grasped. (Cp. the fortunes of Zeus: Diod S 3, 61, 4–6.)③ Another, and less probable, mng. is (mystical) rapture, s. ἁρπάζω 2b and LHammerich, An Ancient Misunderstanding (Phil. 2:6 ‘robbery’), ’66, who would translate the phrase ‘considered that to be like God was no rapture’; a similar view was expressed by PFlorensky (1915), quoted in Dictionnaire de la Bible, Suppl. V, ’57, col. 24 s.v. kénose.—LSaint-Paul, RB n.s. 8, 1911, 550ff (pretext, opportunity); WJaeger, Her. 50, 1915, 537–53 (w. further support, RHoover, HTR 64, ’71, 95–119); AJülicher, ZNW 17, 1916, 1–17; PSchmidt, PM 20, 1916, 171–86; HSchumacher, Christus in s. Präexistenz u. Kenose nach Phil 2:5–8, I 1914, II 1921; FLoofs, StKr 100, 1927/28, 1–102; ELohmeyer, Kyrios Jesus: SBHeidAk 1927/28, 4 Abh.; WFoerster, ZNW 29, 1930, 115–28; FKattenbusch, StKr 104, ’32, 373–420; EBarnikol, Mensch u. Messias ’32, Philipper 2, ’32; KBornhäuser, NKZ 44, ’33, 428–34; 453–62; SMowinckel, NorTT 40, ’39, 208–11; AStephenson, CBQ 1, ’39, 301–8; AFeuillet, Vivre et Penser, Sér. 2, ’42, 61f; AFridrichsen: AKaritz Festschr. ’46, 197ff; HAlmqvist, Plut. u. d. NT, ’46, 117f; JHering, D. bibl. Grundlagen des Christl. Humanismus ’46, 31f; AEhrhardt, JTS 46, ’45, 49–51 (cp. Plut., Mor. 330d; Diod S 3, 61, 6); EKäsemann, ZTK 47, ’50, 313–60; HKruse, Verbum Domini 27, ’49, 355–60; 29, ’51, 206–14; LBouyer, RSR 39, ’51, 281–88; DGriffiths, ET 69, ’57/58, 237–39; RMartin, Carmen Christi (Phil 2:5–11) ’67, esp. 134–64; 320–39 (lit.). NWright, JTS 37, ’86, 321–52; SVollenweider, NTS 45, ’99, 413–33 (surveys of debate).—S. also s.v. κενόω 1b.—EDNT. DELG s.v. ἁρπάζω. M-M. TW. Sv. -
9 ἅπτω
ἅπτω 1 aor. ἧψα, ptc. ἅψας. Mid.: fut. ἅψομαι LXX; 1 aor. ἡψάμην; pf. 3 sg. ἧπται; ptc. ἡμμένος LXX. Pass.: fut. 3 sg. ἀφθήσεται Jer 31:9 B S (Hom.+).① to cause illumination or burning to take place, light, kindle (Aeschyl., Hdt.; PGM 7, 543; POxy 1297, 4; 7; 13; LXX, Joseph.) λύχνον ἅ. (Herodas 8, 6; PAthen 60, 6; Epict. 1, 20, 19; Diog. L. 4, 66; 6, 41; TestSol 6:10 λύχνους; Philo, Gig. 33 [mid.]; Jos., Ant. 3, 199) Lk 8:16; 11:33; 15:8. ἅ. πῦρ kindle a fire (Eur., Hel. 503; Phalaris, Ep. 122, 2; Jdth 13:13; TestSol 7:5; Jos., Ant. 4, 55) Lk 22:55 v.l.; Ac 28:2. Pass. Mk 4:21 v.l. (cp. PGM 13, 683 λύχνους ἡμμένους).② to make close contact, mid. w. gen. (Hom. et al.; En, PsSol, GrBar; Jos., Ant. 6, 308 al; Just., Ath.; Mel., P. 52, 383).ⓐ gener. touch, take hold of, hold τινός someone or someth. Lk 7:39; IRo 5:2. Dg 12:8. MPol 13:2. Hs 1:11; the sky by throwing a stone m 11:18.— Touch someone’s chest, spontaneously, of one who is speaking Hv 1, 4, 2; cp. 3, 1, 6. Cp. GHb 356, 39=ISm 3:2. ἅψαι τοῦ παιδίου take hold of the child GJs 20:3. Fig., take hold of τ. βασιλείας the Kingdom B 7:11.—JBauer, Agraphon 90 Resch: ZNW 62, ’71, 301–3.ⓑ cling to μή μου ἅπτου stop clinging to me! (s. BHaensler, BZ 11, 1913, 172–77; KKastner, ibid. 13, 1915, 344–53; KRösch, ibid. 14, 1917, 333–37; BViolet, ZNW 24, 1925, 78–80; FPerles, ibid. 25, 1926, 287; WCotter, ET 43, ’32, 45f; TNicklin, ibid. 51, ’39/40, 478; JMaiworm, ThGl ’38, 540–46) J 20:17 (Arrian, Anab. 6, 13, 3: Alexander is severely wounded in the chest by an arrow and his soldiers cannot believe that he is still alive. When he appears among them, recovered from his wound, they take hold [ἁπτόμενοι] of his hands, knees, and clothing in astonishment and delight).ⓒ freq. of touching as a means of conveying a blessing (divine working by a touch of the hand: Anton. Lib. 4, 7 Ἀπόλλων ἁψάμενος αὐτοῦ τῇ χειρὶ πέτρον ἐποίησεν; Ps.-Apollod. 2, 1, 3, 1 Zeus transforms by touching [ἅπτεσθαι]) Mk 10:13; Lk 18:15 (here perh. hold), esp. to bring about a healing (SIG 1169, 62). Gener. of touching persons who are ill Mt 8:3; 17:7; Mk 1:41; 8:22; Lk 5:13. ἅψαι αὐτῆς ἐκ τ. χειρῶν σου Mk 5:23 D. Esp. of touching parts of the body (SIG 1170, 23 ἥψατό μου τῆς δεξιᾶς χιρός) τ. γλώσσης (cp. Philo, De Prov. in Eus., PE 8, 14, 18) Mk 7:33. τ. ὀφθαλμῶν Mt 9:29; cp. 20:34; 8:15; Lk 22:51. Likew. τῆς σοροῦ touch the coffin, if the purpose was to raise the dead man, not simply to halt the bearers (cp. Aphrodite touching a chariot Pind., P. 9, 11) Lk 7:14. Of those who are ill, touching the healer Mk 3:10; 6:56; Lk 6:19; 8:45ff. Also of touching the clothes of the healer (cp. Athen. 5, 212f ἑκάστου σπεύδοντος κἂν προσάψασθαι τῆς ἐσθῆτος) ἅ. τ. ἱματίου touch his cloak Mt 9:21; Mk 5:27; 6:56. τ. ἱματίων 5:28, 30f. τ. κρασπέδου the hem or tassel Mt 9:20; 14:36; Lk 8:44.③ to partake of someth., w. cultic implications, have contact with, touch. Of contact w. unclean things 2 Cor 6:17 (Num 16:26; Is 52:11). The abs. μὴ ἅψῃ you must not touch or handle Col 2:21 can be interpreted in this sense. On the other hand, ἅπτεσθαι can mean eat, like our ‘touch food’ (Od. 4, 60; Plut., Anton. 923 [17]; Chariton 6, 2, 8 οὐχ ἥπτετο τροφῆς; Arrian, Anab. 4, 9, 5 σίτου ἅπτεσθαι; Aelian, VH 12, 37 ἐπʼ ἀπορίᾳ τροφῶν ἥψατο τῶν καμήλων=he seized [and ate] the camels; Diog. L. 6, 73 κρεῶν; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 3, 27 p. 105, 9; Philo, Exs. 134; Jos., Ant. 4, 234; 8, 362; 13, 276; En 25:4f [tree of life, as in GrBar 4:8]). We would, then, have in this passage the anticlimax eat, taste, touch. Finally, θιγγάνω, like ἅπτ. and γεύομαι (q.v. 1) can mean eat (cp. Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 31, 191 κυάμων μὴ θιγγάνειν; 13, 61 γεύεσθαι=Porphyr., Vi. Pyth. 24 θιγγάνειν; POxy 1185, 10f [c. 200 A.D.], where three difft. expr. for ‘eat’ are grouped together: τὸν παῖδα δεῖ ἄρτον ἐσθίειν, ἅλας ἐπιτρώγειν, ὀψαρίου μὴ θιγγάνειν [eat, eat [with], not eat at all]). The combination ἐσθ., τρωγ., θιγγ. might corresp. to Col 2:21 ἅπτ., γεύ., θιγγ., taken to mean eat, enjoy, consume (ἅ. and γεύ. together, both=‘eat’ in Teles p. 34, 5). The verbs, perh. used in association w. var. foods (s. POxy 1185) by the false spirits, are effectively combined by Paul, in order to picture the feeling of dread which he castigates.④ to touch intimately, have sexual contact, of intercourse w. a woman (Pla., Leg. 8, 840a; Aristot., Pol. 7, 14, 12 [1335b]; Plut., Alex. 676 [21, 9]; M. Ant. 1, 17, 13; Jos., Ant. 1, 163; Gen 20:6; Pr 6:29) γυναικὸς μὴ ἅ. 1 Cor 7:1 (ἅπτεσθαι w. gen. of ‘touching’ a woman in general: Vi. Aesopi G103).⑤ to make contact with a view to causing harm, touch for the purpose of harming, injure (Diod S 1, 84, 1; Arrian, Alex. Anab. 4, 4, 2; Ps 104:15; 1 Ch 16:22; Zech 2:12; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 7 Jac.) ὁ πονηρὸς οὐχ ἅπτεται αὐτοῦ the evil one cannot harm him (or cannot even touch him; cp. 1 Esdr 4:28; PsSol 13:6; TestAbr A 15 p. 96, 11 [Stone p. 40]) 1J 5:18.—Fig. οὐχ ἅψηται σου κακόν no evil shall touch you 1 Cl 56:8 (Job 5:19; cp. PsSol 13:6; 15:4).—OHeick, Hapto in the NT: Luth. Church Quart. 12, ’39, 90–95.—B. 76; 1061. DELG. M-M s.v. ἅπτομαι. TW. Sv.
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